Effect of Inorganic Ions on Oleate Adsorption at a Nigerian Hematite–Water Interface

Using “pure” natural hematite selected from a high silica Nigerian hematitic ore, oleate adsorption densities at the hematite–water interface were determined in the presence of various inorganic ions (anions and cations) of different charges and at varying concentrations. Adsorption density was determined using electrical conductivity measurements. The specific surface area of the hematite particles was determined using the method of adsorption of paranitrophenol in aqueous solution. Inorganic ions in solution depressed oleate adsorption at the aqueous hematite surface. The charge of the ion proved to be the dominant factor determining the depression of oleate adsorption. Ionic strength also was an influence, up to a limiting value at which monolayer oleate coverage of the hematite surface occurred. The inorganic ions in solution are considered to function through nonspecific adsorption in the diffuse region of the electric double layer.     

MoO3、NiO、ZnO在小表面金红石上的分散行为

Dispersion of MoO3, NiO, ZnO on rutile TiO2 with low specific surface area was studied with Mercury Porosimeter, SEM, XPS and Ammonia Extraction method. The dispersion thresholds of MoO3, NiO, ZnO on three rutile TiO2 carriers were obtained with XPS, and com-pared with those on anatase TiO2 with high specific surf are area. Ammonia Extraction method was used to identify the surface oxide species interarting with support surface in different strength and it was found that the proportions of oxides that can not be extracted by ammonia extraction are different for MoO3, NiO and ZnO which are supported on rutile TiO2.     

Thermodynamic molecular switch in sequence‐specific hydrophobic interactions

This communication will demonstrate the existence of a thermodynamic molecular switch in the pairwise, sequence‐specific hydrophobic interaction of Ile–Ile, Leu–Ile, Val–Leu, or Ala–Leu over the temperature range of 273–333 K reported by Nemethy and Scheraga in 1962. Based on Chun's development of the Planck–Benzinger methodology, the change in inherent chemical bond energy at 0 K, ΔH°(T₀), is 3.0 kcal mol^?1 for Ile–Ile, 2.4 for Leu–Ile, 1.8 for Val–Leu, and 1.2 kcal mol^?1 for Ala–Leu. The value of ΔH°(T₀) decreases as the length of the hydrophobic side chain decreases. It is clear that the strength and stability of the hydrophobic interaction is determined by the packing density of the side chains, with Ala–Leu being the most stable. At 〈T_m〉, the thermal agitation energy, $\int^{T}_{0}\Delta Cp^{\circ}(T)\,dT$, is about five times greater than ΔH°(T₀) in each case. Additionally, the thermal agitation energy for the same series, evaluated at 〈T_m〉, decreases in the same order, that is, as the length of the side chain decreases. This pairwise, sequence‐specific hydrophobic interaction is highly similar in its thermodynamic behavior to that of other biological systems, except that the negative Gibbs free energy change minimum at 〈T_s〉 occurs at a considerably higher temperature, 355 K compared to about 300 K. The melting temperature, 〈T_m〉, is also high, 470 K compared to 343 K in a biological system. The implication is that the negative Gibbs free energy minimum at a well‐defined 〈T_s〉 has it origin in the hydrophobic interactions, which are highly dependent on details of molecular structure. In addition to the four specific dipeptide interactions described, we have shown in our unpublished work the existence of a thermodynamic molecular switch in the interactions of 32 dipeptides wherein a change of sign in ΔCp°(T)_reaction leads to a true negative minimum in the Gibbs free energy of reaction, and hence, a maximum in the related K_eq. Indeed, all interacting biological systems that we have thus far examined using the Planck–Benzinger approach point to the universality of thermodynamic molecular switches. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001     

Calculations of concentration dependences of chemical shifts for acrylamide in water—DMSO mixed solvent

The lattice model of associated solutions was used to calculate the concentration dependences of the chemical shifts of¹³C magnetic nuclei in the acrylamide molecule in water—DMSO solvent. Each pair of bonds between the acrylamide group containing a magnetic nucleus and the neighboring solvent molecule was assumed to additively contribute to the change in the chemical shift of the nucleus in question. The new approach affords the same accuracy in describing the experimental data at any ratios of the solution components. It was shown that the chemical shifts and the excess heat of mixing of the water—DMSO binary solution can be simultaneously described using the same set of energy parameters of the model. The model makes it possible to employ experimental data on chemical shifts for studying intermolecular interactions in solutions. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1983–1987, October, 1998.     

高比表面积窄孔分布氧化铝的制备研究 Ⅰ.沉淀条件的影响

 以硫酸铝液为原料，以氨水、氢氧化钠和铝酸钠为碱沉淀剂，采用pH摆动法制备了高比表面积、大孔径、窄孔分布、大孔体积氧化铝，考察了沉淀剂、沉淀温度及沉淀时酸侧pH值对氧化铝物性的影响，并对pH摆动法与等pH沉淀法的结果进行了比较．结果表明，通过改变制备参数可以获得高比表面积、大孔体积的氧化铝，当沉淀温度为70℃，pH摆动3或4次时，氧化铝的孔体积可高达1．0ml／g，比表面积仍大于300m2／g．用pH摆动法制得的样品比用等pH沉淀法制得的样品容易酸溶，对挤压成型有利．不同样品在酸溶液中的分散性表明，用氨水沉淀剂可获得相对较小的沉淀粒子．改变沉淀时酸侧的pH值，可导致沉淀粒子的结构发生变化．     

层状正极材料LiNi1/6Co1/6Mn2/3O2的制备及电池性能

0引言为解决目前日益严重的汽车尾气排放对城市空气造成污染问题,作为绿色能源的锂离子电池已成为动力电池的首选对象。国际上,高容量、大功率锂离子电池早于1995年已开始研制。1996年,我国天津电源研究所也进行了大容量锂离子蓄电池及电池组的探索[1]。目前,锂离子电池的正极材料是制约其大规模推广应用的关键。现研究的正极材料主要包括具有层状结构的LiCoO2,LiN iO2和LiM nO2及具有尖晶石结构的LiM n2O4等。其中LiC oO2作为目前唯一已经商业化的正极材料具有理论容量高、可循环性能好等优点,但因Co资源的相对缺乏导致其价格高昂。…     

Pattern-specific neural network design

We present evidence that the performance of the traditional fully connected Hopfield model can be dramatically improved by carefully selecting an information-specific connectivity structure, while the synaptic weights of the selected connections are the same as in the Hopfield model. Starting from a completely disconnected network we let genuine Hebbian synaptic connections grow, one by one, until a desired degree of stability is achieved. Neural pathways are thus fixed notbefore, butduring the learning phase.     

Cluster description of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percolation points

The three-component ionic microemulsion system consisting of AOT/water/decane shows an unusual phase behavior in the vicinity of room temperature. The phase diagram in the temperature-volume fraction (of the dispersed phase) plane exhibits a lower consolute critical point at about 40 degrees centigrades and 10% volume fraction. A percolation line, starting from the vicinity of the critical point, cuts across the plane, extending to high volume fraction side at progressively lower temperatures. In this paper we review the evidence that allows to interpret the phase behavior of our system in terms of interacting spherical droplets. We also investigate the dynamics of droplets, below and approaching the critical point by dynamic light scattering. The first cumulant and time evolution of the droplet density correlation function can be quantitatively calculated by assuming the existence of polydispersed fractal clusters formed by the microemulsion droplets due to attraction. The relaxation phenomena observed in an extensive set of measurements of electrical conductivity and permittivity close to percolation is also reviewed and interpreted through the same cluster-forming mechanism, which reproduces the most relevant features of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant of this system. Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994.     

Thermal decomposition of transition metal carboxylates

Thermal solid-phase decomposition of anhydrous copper(ii) formate has been studied at 120–180 ° The rate of gas evolution during the decomposition depends on the depth of conversion and can be presented as the sum of first-order reaction rates and the rate of the autocatalytic process (a second-order reaction). The evolution of the solid phase during thermolysis has been observed by optical microscopy. The decomposition of copper formate is a complex topochemical process, a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous transformations and dispersion of large crystals.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. l, pp. 72–76, January, 1996.     

The theoretical basis of column chromatography in multicomponent separations. Part 2: Peak capacity. Column systems with good selectivity

The selectivity of a column system, S, defined by equation 28, includes a variation coefficient (β) of plate number with capacity ratio which has a large influence on the peak capacity, as shown in Fig. 18. Some typical chromatograms are given. In order to predict S for a column system from Kovat's Index, equations 40 and 41 are given to calculate the constant of the carbon number rule for squalane at different temperatures or for different stationary phases. The specific retention value of heptane on squalane at different temperatures can be calculated from equation 42. The nonpolarity index, defined by equation 43, was used to calculate the retention value of heptane on various stationary phases. In liquid chromatography, the order of elution may be reversed by changing the composition of the eluent on the same chemically bonded silica (manufactured in China). The linear relations between the log retention values of different kinds of solutes or of a single solute on the silicas of different surface areas when using the same eluent are given.