1960―2017年秦岭南北地区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征研究

基于秦岭南北地区1960―2017年47个气象站点逐日降雨资料,根据章文波提出的日降雨侵蚀力模型估算降雨侵蚀力,并采用气候倾向率、反距离权重插值及Mann-Mendal突变检验等方法分析秦岭南北地区近58 a年均降雨侵蚀力与不同量级降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征。 结果表明：（1） 1960―2017年秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力与不同雨量产生的降雨侵蚀力均呈由南向北递减的特征。（2）近58 a,秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力、大雨与暴雨侵蚀力年际变化呈增长趋势,未通过突变检测;中雨侵蚀力呈减弱趋势,在1972年发生突变且在2007年后达到显著;其中秦岭以北年均降雨侵蚀力、中雨侵蚀力、暴雨侵蚀力均呈下降趋势,且年际波动程度较大,秦岭以南年均降雨侵蚀力及大雨、暴雨侵蚀力均呈上升趋势。（3）秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力变化趋势空间差异显著,明显增长区集中于汉中盆地与巴巫谷地,减少区集中于西部嘉陵江、秦岭以北汾河入黄河交界、汉水流域两湖平原;且不同量级侵蚀力呈增长趋势的面积大小依次为大雨侵蚀力>暴雨侵蚀力>中雨侵蚀力。     

Asymptotic solving method for a sea-air oscillator model of atmospheric physics

In this paper, a class of coupled system for the El Nin o/La Nin a southern oscillation (ENSO) atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. We propose an ENSO atmospheric physics model using a method from the asymptotic theory. It is indicated from the results that the asymptotic method can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly and the thermocline depth anomaly of the atmosphere-ocean oscillation for the ENSO model in the equatorial Pacific.     

一类具时滞的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动充电-放电振子模型的Hopf分岔与周期解问题

研究了一类具时滞的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动充电-放电振子模型. 给出了产生Hopf分岔的临界时滞条件, 利用Mawhin重合度理论,探讨了该模型的周期解问题. 关键词： 时滞 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动模型 Hopf分岔 周期解     

OPTIMAL AUSTRALIAN AND JAPANESE HARVESTING OF SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA

A 19-cohort bioeconomic model is developed for the southern bluefin tuna fishery. The fish are long-lived and highly migratory. They are harvested as juveniles by Australia and Japan in Australian waters, and as adults by Japan on the high seas. The potential for conflict between Australian and Japanese fleets therefore exists in the exploitation of the fishery. The model is used to compare Japanese and Australian social rents and harvest levels through time under joint maximization, and under duopoly.     

A novel polyfunctional chiral building block derived from (S)-ethyl lactate. Application to the synthesis of the sex pheromone of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)

Highly enantiomerically pure (4S, 5E)-4-bromomethylhept-5-enenitrile was prepared from (S)-ethyl lactate by a six-step procedure involving a rearrangement of chiral cyclopropylcarbinol. This product was used for the synthesis of the sex pheromone of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), (10R)-10-methyltridecan-2-one. For preliminary communication, see Ref. 1. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 151–155, January, 2000.     

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

Abstract Few studies have empirically examined climate change impacts on managed forests in the southern United States. In this paper, we use the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Database to fit two growth models across the South and apply the four Hadley III climate scenarios developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report to project future growth and site productivity on loblolly pine plantations. The static growth model provides a direct test of whether a significant climate influence on forest growth can be statistically derived, while the dynamic growth model estimates climate effects through site productivity. Results indicate considerable spatial variation in potential future growth and productivity change on loblolly pine plantations due to climate change in the southern United States, while overall regional effects are projected to be marginal. The pattern of climate change impacts is consistent across the growth models and climate scenarios. These findings have several implications for climate change adaptation policies.     

高锰酸钾引发丙烯腈与木质纤维素接枝共聚的研究

研究了用高锰酸钾引发羟丙基马尾松磨石磨木浆粕与丙烯腈的接技共聚反应。得出,木质素对接技反应的影响可能主要来源于它的酚型结构单元。用羟丙基醚化木质素的酚羟基后接枝反应可顺利进行。X-射线衍射结果显示,接技共聚反应有可能渗透到纤维素晶区内部,随接技量的提高,反应具有一定的消晶作用。     

1960―2017年秦岭南北地区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征研究

基于秦岭南北地区1960―2017年47个气象站点逐日降雨资料,根据章文波提出的日降雨侵蚀力模型估算降雨侵蚀力,并采用气候倾向率、反距离权重插值及Mann-Mendal突变检验等方法分析秦岭南北地区近58 a年均降雨侵蚀力与不同量级降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征。 结果表明：（1） 1960―2017年秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力与不同雨量产生的降雨侵蚀力均呈由南向北递减的特征。（2）近58 a,秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力、大雨与暴雨侵蚀力年际变化呈增长趋势,未通过突变检测;中雨侵蚀力呈减弱趋势,在1972年发生突变且在2007年后达到显著;其中秦岭以北年均降雨侵蚀力、中雨侵蚀力、暴雨侵蚀力均呈下降趋势,且年际波动程度较大,秦岭以南年均降雨侵蚀力及大雨、暴雨侵蚀力均呈上升趋势。（3）秦岭南北地区年均降雨侵蚀力变化趋势空间差异显著,明显增长区集中于汉中盆地与巴巫谷地,减少区集中于西部嘉陵江、秦岭以北汾河入黄河交界、汉水流域两湖平原;且不同量级侵蚀力呈增长趋势的面积大小依次为大雨侵蚀力>暴雨侵蚀力>中雨侵蚀力。     

Effect of Foliar Sodium Selenate and Nano Selenium Supply on Biochemical Characteristics,Essential Oil Accumulation and Mineral Composition of Artemisia annua L.

Selenium (Se) biofortification of aromatic plants is a promising strategy to produce valuable functional food with high biological activity and enhanced essential oil yield. The experiment carried out in 2021 and 2022 on A. annua treated with sodium selenate or nano-Se sprayed on foliar apparatus demonstrated a significant increase in photosynthetic pigments, pectin, waxes, macro- and microelements and a decrease in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Contrary to literature reports, neither selenate nor nano-Se showed a beneficial effect on essential oil accumulation; the oil yield did not differ between the selenate treated and control plants but was halved by the nano-Se application. Extremely high variations in the number of essential oil components, as well as in the eucalyptol, artemisia ketone, camphor and germacrene D ratio in the 2021 and 2022 experiments were recorded. The analysis of the 2016–2022 data for oil yield and composition in the control plants revealed a direct correlation between the number of components and of solar flares, and a negative correlation between oil yield and the percentage of spotless days. Both control plants and plants fortified with selenium showed higher levels of germacrene D and lower levels of artemisia ketone in 2022, characterized by more remarkable solar activity compared to 2021. Nano-Se supply resulted in the highest percentage of germacrene D accumulation. The results of the present research highlight the importance of the solar activity effect on the essential oil yield and quality of aromatic plants.