Flexible scheduling model of crude oil operations under crude supply disturbance

Today’s changeable market and resultant disturbance of crude oil supply require agile and flexible scheduling of crude oil operation. The objective of flexible scheduling is to keep stable crude oil op-eration and satisfy production demands under the circumstances of supply disturbance. In this paper, a new mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is set up for crude oil scheduling firstly, and then some heuristic rules worked out by some experts are proposed to linearize bilinear terms and ...     

Survey on ionic liquids effect based on metal anions over the thermal stability of heavy oil

A survey on the effect of ionic liquids (ILs) over the thermal stability of a heavy Mexican oil was performed. ILs used were based on [C_nim]⁺ and [C_npyr]⁺ organic cations with FeCl₄⁻ metal anion. Mixtures of heavy crude oil (HCO) with ILs show three oxidation zones: low temperature oxidation (LTO), full deposition (FD) and high temperature oxidation (HTO). Thermal stability and mass loss decrease in the LTO zone but increase in the FD and HTO zones for every ILs used. The activation energy of the oxidation is influenced by the ILs in the HTO zone. It decreases when increasing the size of the organic radical substitute in the cation of the ILs while it increases with the presence of hydroxyl groups. The influence of electronic structure and reactivity indexes are rationalized to understand the variations of activation energy obtained of the reaction systems. Among all cations used, cation-3 (IL-3) shows the greater value of HOMO-LUMO gap as well as the lower activation energy.     

低温氧化对原油组成的影响

通过空气与原油在油藏温度和一定压力下低温氧化过程的模拟实验,对反应前后气体与原油的组成进行分析.结果表明,实验条件下低温氧化反应后原油芳烃含量减少,胶质含量增加,饱和烃含量和沥青含量基本不变,正构烷烃轻重组分比增加;原油黏度有所增加.     

New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion

This work aimed to use abietic acid (AA), as a widely available natural product, as a precursor for the synthesis of two new amphiphilic ionic liquids (AILs) and apply them as effective demulsifiers for water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions. AA was esterified using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst obtaining the corresponding ester (AATG). AATG was reacted with 1-vinylimidazole (VIM) throughout the Diels–Alder reaction, forming the corresponding adduct (ATI). Following this, ATI was quaternized using alkyl iodides, ethyl iodide (EI), and hexyl iodide (HI) to obtain the corresponding AILs, ATEI-IL, and ATHI-IL, respectively. The chemical structure, surface activity, thermal stability, and relative solubility number (RSN) were investigated using different techniques. The efficiency of ATEI-IL and ATHI-IL to demulsify W/O emulsions in different crude oil: brine volumetric ratios were evaluated. ATEI-IL and ATHI-IL achieved promising results as demulsifiers. Their demulsification efficiency increased as the brine ratios decreased where their efficiency reached 100% at the crude oil: brine ratio (90:10), even at low concentrations.     

Revisiting the Dynamic Response of Chinese Price Level to Crude Oil Price Shocks Based on a Network Analysis Method

Crude oil price shocks have led to a fluctuation in commodity prices through the industrial chain and supply–demand relationships, which can substantially influence a country’s economy. In this paper, we propose a transmission model of oil price shocks to Chinese price levels and explore the direct and indirect impacts of crude oil price shocks on various Chinese price indices, combining the Granger causality test, impulse response function, and network analysis method. The empirical data are the Brent, WTI, Dubai, and Daqing spot crude oil prices and eight categories of Chinese price indices from January 2011 to March 2020. We found the following results: (1) Consumer price index (CPI) and the price index for means of agricultural production (MAPPI) cannot be directly impacted by crude oil price fluctuations, while they could be indirectly affected. (2) The duration and degree of the impacts of oil prices on each price index vary, and the export price index (EPI) is the most significantly affected. (3) The proportion of the indirect impact in the total impact of crude oil price shocks ranges from 0.03% to 100.00%. Thus, indirect influence cannot be ignored when analyzing the influence of crude oil price fluctuation on Chinese price level.     

Application of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) for study of the distillation curve of petroleum

Crude oil distillates are a highly useful industrial product, mainly for energy generation. Unfortunately, they are rarely studied, mainly due to the low accessibility to products directly obtained from the distillation process, which is a laborious, expensive, and time-consuming operation. This work presents and discusses the use of time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) as a simple, affordable, and straightforward tool for the development of correlations supported on the transverse relaxation time (T₂) and boiling temperature. The results point out a high convergence between TD-NMR experimental data and the ASTM D2892 method for distillates from light, medium, and heavy oils, with up to 52.20% of accumulated mass and boiling point temperature (T_b) up to 400°C. Furthermore, an unprecedented relationship between T₂ values and the accumulated mass of the distillates is first demonstrated. This new insight opens new perspectives for future prediction of accumulated mass for unknown crude oils, placing the TD-NMR relaxometry as an appeal spectroscopy approach with a potential to meaningfully contribute to the daily refining petrochemical industry field operations.