Competitive Assay for Theophylline Based on an Abasic Site‐Containing DNA Duplex Aptamer and a Fluorescent Ligand

A fluorescence assay for theophylline, one of the common drugs for acute and chronic asthmatic conditions, has been developed based on an abasic site‐containing DNA duplex aptamer (AP aptamer) in combination with an abasic site‐binding fluorescent ligand, riboflavin. The assay is based on the competitive binding of theophylline and riboflavin at the abasic (AP) site of the AP aptamer. In the absence of theophylline, riboflavin binds to the receptor nucleotide opposite the AP site, which leads to fluorescence quenching of the riboflavin. Upon addition of theophylline, competitive binding occurs between theophylline and riboflavin, which results in an effective fluorescence restoration due to release of riboflavin from the AP site. From an examination of the optimization of the AP aptamers, the complex of riboflavin with a 23‐mer AP aptamer (5′‐TCT GCG TCC AGX GCA ACG CAC AC‐3′/5′‐GTG TGC GTT GCC CTG GAC GCA GA‐3′; X : the AP site (Spacer C3, a propylene residue)) possessing cytosine as a receptor nucleotide was found to show a selective and effective fluorescence response to theophylline; the limit of detection for theophylline was 1.1 μM . Furthermore, fluorescence detection of theophylline was successfully demonstrated with high selectivity in serum samples by using the optimized AP aptamer and riboflavin.     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2催化剂上丙烷完全氧化性能研究

采用沉淀法制备了ZrO2,CeO2和Ce0.7Zr0.3O2载体,并用浸渍法制备负载型Pt催化剂。考察了500和900℃焙烧催化剂的丙烷完全氧化性能和水汽对丙烷氧化反应的影响。对于500℃焙烧的催化剂,催化剂的丙烷氧化活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-500>Pt/CeO2-500>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500;而经900℃焙烧的催化剂活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-900>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900>Pt/CeO2-900。反应气氛中水汽的存在对两种Pt/ZrO2催化剂的活性均有抑制作用(T50温度均提高了10~15℃);而对于Pt/CeO2-500催化剂有抑制作用(T50温度提高10℃),但对Pt/CeO2-900催化剂活性有促进作用(T50温度下降25℃);对于两种Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂活性具有促进作用(T50温度均下降5~25℃)。表征结果表明催化剂的活性与其表面Pt物种价态密切相关,催化剂表面上Pt0物种有利于活性的提高。Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂中只含有氧化态Pt物种(Pt^2+),而Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900催化剂中则含有部分金属态Pt物种,因此其活性高于Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂。     

金团簇二十面体结构融合过程中其催化活性的演变

近年来,由有机配体保护的原子精确金属团簇在合成方面已取得了重要进展,其独特的原子结构对一些化学反应产生独特的催化效果.原子精确的团簇催化剂明显不同于纳米颗粒催化剂和单原子催化剂,是一种关联均相和多相的、原子数目确定、尺寸均一、结构精确的新型催化剂.从原子尺度上精确构筑团簇催化剂,探究亚纳米尺度的微观结构对催化性能的影响...     

Mo的引入方式对CeO2脱硝性能的影响

固定源排放的氮氧化物(NOx)导致了严重的环境污染问题,NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)被认为是目前控制NOx排放的最有效技术,已广泛应用于电力行业的烟气排放治理.然而,我国非电行业的NOx减排仍然面临着重大挑战,因为其排放的废气温度通常低于300oC,且含有一定量的SO2,传统的钒基SCR催化剂因活性温度(300～400oC)较高而无法有效发挥作用.因此,亟待开发新型的高效低温SCR催化剂.铈基催化剂由于氧化铈(CeO2)的优异储氧能力(OSC)和良好的氧化还原能力而显示出较好的低温(80～300oC)脱硝性能,如Mn-Ce,W-Ce,Ta-Ce,Cu-Ce和Nb-Ce等.但这些铈基催化剂易被烟气中的SO2毒化而导致催化活性降低.因此,提高铈基SCR催化剂抗硫中毒能力是其产业化应用的关键.已有研究发现,通过构筑结构保护层或添加另一种金属来保护活性组分是提高SCR催化剂抗硫性能的一种可行策略.氧化钼(MoO3)通常被用做传统V2O5/TiO2催化剂的促进剂以提高其水热稳定性和表面酸性.研究表明,在V/Ti催化剂中引入钼物种不仅可以提高其SCR活性,而且提高了V/Ti催化剂的抗SO2性能,这是由于VMo/Ti表面较少的V–O–V键削弱了对SO2的氧化作用.Tang等开发了一种Fe2O3/MoO3纳米片催化剂,显示出比纯Fe2O3更好的抗SO2能力,主要是由于层状结构的MoO3能阻止NH4+在硫酸氢铵中的沉积.目前关于Mo的引入方式即催化剂的制备方法对铈基催化剂物化性能和NH3-SCR催化性能(特别是抗SO2能力)的影响的研究还比较少.本文分别采用浸渍法和沉淀法在CeO2中引入钼物种,制备了Mo-CeO2和MoCe-cp催化剂来探究制备方法对MoCe催化剂的脱硝性能及抗SO2中毒能力的影响.结果表明,引入Mo可以显著地提高CeO2的低温脱硝性能,其中Mo-CeO2催化剂在150 oC即可达到80％以上的脱硝效率,同时抗SO2中毒性能也得到了显著提高.对催化剂结构、氧化还原能力、表面酸度和反应物分子的吸附脱附性质进行了表征,并与MoCe催化剂脱硝性能和抗硫性能相关联.结果表明,Mo-CeO2和MoCe-cp催化剂的物理化学性质和脱硝性能有明显区别.首先,Mo-CeO2中的钼物种主要存在于CeO2表面,而MoCe-cp中的钼物种主要存在于CeO2体相,其为Mo-CeO2表面带来大量的Br?nsted酸位并抑制了硝酸盐的吸附,促使NH3-SCR反应按照Eley-Rideal机理进行,进而表现出优于MoCe-cp的低温活性.其次,Mo-CeO2表面更多的Mo物种抑制了SO2的吸附,从而使Mo-CeO2表现出更好的抗SO2性能.本文为具有实际应用前景的铈基NH3-SCR催化剂的设计提供了参考.     

ZSM-5分子筛酸位分布及其甲醇制烯烃催化性能的定向管理与调控

ZSM-5分子筛在甲醇制烯烃(MTO)过程中的催化性能和反应机理与其孔道中酸位点分布位置紧密相关. 本文证明在水热合成过程中加入适量的钠离子(Na⁺)可以增加ZSM-5分子筛交叉腔酸位点比例; 从而促进高级甲基苯的生成并加速芳烃循环, 有利于乙烯生成. 相反, 在合成过程中不添加钠离子, 所制备的ZSM-5分子筛直孔道和正弦孔道酸位点比例明显提高, 有利于促进烯烃循环并提高丙烯和C₃₊烯烃选择性.     

General π‐Electron‐Assisted Strategy for Ir,Pt, Ru,Pd, Fe,Ni Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting

Both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial to water splitting, but require alternative active sites. Now, a general π‐electron‐assisted strategy to anchor single‐atom sites (M=Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni) on a heterogeneous support is reported. The M atoms can simultaneously anchor on two distinct domains of the hybrid support, four‐fold N/C atoms (M@NC), and centers of Co octahedra (M@Co), which are expected to serve as bifunctional electrocatalysts towards the HER and the OER. The Ir catalyst exhibits the best water‐splitting performance, showing a low applied potential of 1.603 V to achieve 10 mA cm^?2 in 1.0 m KOH solution with cycling over 5 h. DFT calculations indicate that the Ir@Co (Ir) sites can accelerate the OER, while the Ir@NC₃ sites are responsible for the enhanced HER, clarifying the unprecedented performance of this bifunctional catalyst towards full water splitting.     

氮掺杂纳米管包覆金属钴催化苯甲醇和苯胺一步N-烷基化反应

通过直接热解三聚氰胺、硝酸钴和葡萄糖混合物制备氮掺杂碳纳米管包覆金属钴催化剂(Co@NCNT).Co@NCNT具有较大的比表面积、均匀的氮分布以及包覆结构.在苯甲醇和苯胺一步法N-烷基化反应中Co@N CNT具有较高的催化活性,且循环4次反应活性没有明显的变化.控制实验和中毒实验表明金属Co和N对催化活性起着重要的作用,同时金属Co是中间产物N-苄叉苯胺加氢的主要活性位.     

Machine Learning Approaches for Metalloproteins

Metalloproteins are a family of proteins characterized by metal ion binding, whereby the presence of these ions confers key catalytic and ligand-binding properties. Due to their ubiquity among biological systems, researchers have made immense efforts to predict the structural and functional roles of metalloproteins. Ultimately, having a comprehensive understanding of metalloproteins will lead to tangible applications, such as designing potent inhibitors in drug discovery. Recently, there has been an acceleration in the number of studies applying machine learning to predict metalloprotein properties, primarily driven by the advent of more sophisticated machine learning algorithms. This review covers how machine learning tools have consolidated and expanded our comprehension of various aspects of metalloproteins (structure, function, stability, ligand-binding interactions, and inhibitors). Future avenues of exploration are also discussed.     

Plasma Treatment of Polymers

Abstract

Plasma treatment of polymers encompasses a variety of plasma technologies and polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and dates back to at least the 1960s. In this article we provide a brief review of the United States patent literature on plasma surface modification technologies and a brief review of the scientific literature on investigations of the effects of plasma treatment, the nature of the plasma environment, and the mechanisms that drive the plasma–surface interaction. We then discuss low‐radio‐frequency capacitively coupled nitrogen plasmas and their characteristics, suggesting that they provide significant plasma densities and populations of reactive species for effective plasma treatments on a variety of materials, particularly when placing the sample surface in the cathode sheath region. We further discuss surface chemical characterization of treated polymers, including some results on polyesters treated in capacitively coupled nitrogen plasmas driven at 40 kHz. Finally, we connect plasma characterization with surface chemical analysis by applying a surface sites model to nitrogen uptake of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) treated in a 40 kHz nitrogen plasma. This example serves to suggest an interesting practical approach to comparisons of plasma treatments. In addition, it suggests an approach to defining the investigations required to conclusively identify the underlying treatment mechanisms.