Purification of neutral protease by dye affinity chromatography

Twenty triazinic dyes were assayed as ligands for the chromatographic affinity purification of a neutral protease from Flavourzyme^™, a commercial preparation. Screening at pH 4.0 allowed the selection of eight dyes on the basis of their high protease adsorption. When the pH was set to 5.0 in order to increase selectivity, only Yellow HE-4R, Red HE-3B, and Cibacron Blue F3G-A maintained protease adsorption at high values. Neither maximum capacities nor dissociation constants calculated from isotherms measured at 8 and 25°C showed great differences. By contrast, a strong temperature effect was evidenced in the elution step: elution at 8°C allowed 70, 81, and 98% recovery of adsorbed protease with Yellow HE-4R, Red HE-3B, and Cibacron Blue F3G-A, respectively, whereas only 20% recovery was attained at 25°C. Based on the results obtained, a purification process for the neutral protease contained in Flavourzyme with Cibacron Blue F3G-A as the affinity ligand was developed, yielding 96% of electrophoretically pure enzyme in a single step, the specific activity rising from 850 to 3650 U/mg.     

镉的人体健康效应

综述了镉暴露对人体健康的危害、人体对镉的需要量和居民膳食日摄入量、镉暴露生物标记物及危险性评估。过量镉暴露可引起肾、肺、肝、骨和生殖效应以及癌症。在中国和其他国家进行的最新研究表明，生活在镉污染区的一般人群可发生以骨矿密度降低和骨折发生率增加为特征的骨效应；出现肾小管功能异常的镉累积量比骨效应剂量更低，也比从前估计的临界剂量更低。附4图11表25篇参考文献。     

H2,CO,CH4多元爆炸性混合气体支链爆炸阻尼效应

对多元爆炸性混合气体爆炸的阻尼效应,进行了比较系统的研究,实验表明：“惰性气体”N2,CO2与水蒸汽对多元混合气体支链爆炸具有一定的抑制作用;甲烷与石油液化气对含H2易爆混合气体支链爆炸具有明显的阻尼效应．这对指导支链燃烧与支链爆炸的实践,关于工业尾气与废气的安全回收,有关爆炸性混合气体的置换技术的改进,以及工业与矿井混合气体爆炸事故的预防,具有重要的现实意义与理论价值．     

SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYBENZOXAZOLE FROM SOLUBLE PRECURSOR WITH HYDROXY-SUBSTITUTED POLYENAMINONITRILE

Aromatic polybenzoxazole (PBO) precursor, hydroxy-substituted polyenaminonitrile, was prepared by direct polycondensation of 1,4-bis(l-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene (CCB) and 4,6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride (DAR) using pyridine and N,N-dimethylacetamide as condensing agent and solvent. The precursor has good solubility in polar aprotic solvent which is due to the strong dipolar nature of the main chain. The soluble precursor was subjected to thermal cyclization in an inert atmosphere to convert it into the corresponding PBO, which has its 5% weight loss temperature at 540℃ The fully cyclized PBO were characterized by FT-IR and TGA. The introduction of 10% mol 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic chloride (BTC) into the main chain not only has little effect on the solubility of PBO precursor but also raises its 5% weight loss temperature to 552℃ and char yield at 700℃ for the cyclized PBO with BTC.     

Photorefractivity of hyperbranched polyisophthalate endcapped with pendant carbazolyl and azobenzene groups

A novel hyperbranched polyisophthalate containing pendant carbazolyl and azobenzene groups at the terminals was synthesized, and its photorefractivity has also been evaluated by the effective electro-optic (EO) coefficient, two-beam couple (TBC) coefficient, diffraction efficiency and photorefractive (PR) response time. This PR polymer has a low glass transition temperature of 21 °C without any extra plasticizer added, which provides a necessary free volume for EO chromophore reorientation during the recording process at room temperature. The obtained PR film exhibited an effective EO coefficient of 30 pm V⁻¹, a TBC coefficient of 59 cm⁻¹, a diffraction efficiency of 17%, and a modulation index of 1.67 × 10⁻³ at the wavelength of 632.8 nm with an applied electric field of 80 V μm⁻¹ at room temperature. The TBC coefficient was found to be beam-intensity dependent, compared with what is found in inorganic crystals. Moreover, a fast PR response time of 10 ms was deduced at an erasing beam intensity of 1.0 W cm⁻².     

Ag-CV的表面增强共振散射光谱研究

采用共振散射光谱和紫外可见光谱研究了银胶与结晶紫的相互作用。在ＰＨ为４．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中,奶胶在３４５ｎｍ和７００ｎｍ有两个共振散射峰;当加入带下辈民的阳离子染料结晶紫后,产生表面增强效应,３４５ｎｍ和７００ｎｍ处的共振散身信号大为增强,从而获得灵敏的表面增强共振散射光谱。     

基于荧光内滤效应的锂离子荧光化学传感器研究

报道了一种基于荧光内滤效应的荧光增强型锂离子光化学传感器,将荧光试剂、亲脂性pH指示剂和锂离子中性载体结合在增塑的PVC膜中,Li⁺与H⁺在膜相中的竞争萃取效应引起受亲脂性pH指示剂调制的敏感膜荧光值的变化.推导了有关理论关系式,研究了该传感器的响应特性,并对人工合成样品进行测试,结果较为满意.     

烷基紫精/五氧化二钒插层化合物的组装、表征及磁性的研究

以烷基紫精(alkylviologens; 又称紫精或紫罗精)为有机客体、层状五氧化二钒为无机主体, 在液、固两相反应体系中, 利用I^－与V^5＋的氧化还原反应, 使烷基紫精阳离子通过静电引力作用进入被还原的五氧化二钒层板之间, 形成一系列新颖的无机-有机插层化合物. 并运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)等方法对其进行了表征. XRD分析结果证明, 五氧化二钒的层间距随着烷基紫精中烷基链的增长而增大, 但其结晶度随着烷基紫精阳离子中烷基链的增加而降低. XPS研究表明, 该类材料中的钒是以V^4＋和V^5＋两种混合价态存在, 氧原子处于三种不同的化学环境, 这些现象说明烷基紫精阳离子的引入对五氧化二钒的骨架结构影响不大, 主体五氧化二钒的层状结构保存完好; 氮原子处于两种不同的化学环境, 证实插层化合物中主客体之间相互修饰的协同效应, 有可能起到了稳定客体分子激发态的作用, 同时FT-IR光谱中芳香环特征谱带强度的变化也进一步证明了这一结论. UV-vis DRS分析发现由于主客体的相互作用使插层化合物在紫外和可见光区域产生特殊的光吸收性质. 从磁性研究的结果可以看出, 在温度低于15 K时, 插层化合物RV2为反铁磁性的有序结构; 当温度高于15 K时, 转变为顺磁性, 表现出磁无序结构.     

氨基酸分子构象稳定性与光电离解离动力学的氢键效应*

本文综述了氨基酸分子内氢键种类和数目对分子构象稳定性和光电离解离动力学的各种效应：得出分子内含有N···H–O和C=O···H–O氢键的构象具有较高的热力学稳定性; N···H–O氢键导致分子第一电离能数值的增加,同时可以导致电离过程中的质子转移以及后续二氧化碳释放的解离过程。氨基酸分子正离子的稳定性或碳碳化学键断裂解离动力学也不尽相同,丝氨酸分子在电离阈值附近解离过程中表现出奇特的立体效应。     

纳米雄黄研究进展

矿物中药雄黄临床应用历史悠久,近些年来更是引起广泛关注。然而也存在雄黄的潜在毒性较大, 雄黄的难溶性使其生物利用度低等问题。采用纳米技术制成纳米雄黄,可以提高难溶性雄黄的生物利用度和降低毒副作用;与普通雄黄比较,纳米雄黄的药代动力学也发生显著变化。本文在文献总结基础上结合我们的研究工作,对纳米雄黄的制备方法及表征、纳米雄黄药代动力学、纳米雄黄抗肿瘤作用、纳米雄黄的活性物种及纳米雄黄中药复方制剂等方面作了综述,并对纳米雄黄的进一步研究做了展望。