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61.
Martina Gudelj Paola urina Lucija Jurko Ante Prki Perica Bokovi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(12)
Micellar systems are colloids with significant properties for pharmaceutical and food applications. They can be used to formulate thermodynamically stable mixtures to solubilize hydrophobic food-related substances. Furthermore, micellar formation is a complex process in which a variety of intermolecular interactions determine the course of formation and most important are the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between surfactant–solvent and solvent–solvent. Glycols are organic compounds that belong to the group of alcohols. Among them, propane-1,2-diol (PG) is a substance commonly used as a food additive or ingredient in many cosmetic and hygiene products. The nature of the additive influences the micellar structure and properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). When increasing the mass fraction of propane-1,2-diol in binary mixtures, the c.m.c. values decrease because propane-1,2-diol is a polar solvent, which gives it the ability to form hydrogen bonds, decreasing the cohesivity of water and reducing the dielectric constant of the aqueous phase. The values of are negative in all mixed solvents according to the reduction in solvophobic interactions and increase in electrostatic interaction. With the rising concentration of cosolvent, the equilibrium between cosolvent in bulk solution and in the formed micelles is on the side of micelles, leading to the formation of micelles at a lower concentration with a small change in micellar size. According to the 1H NMR, with the addition of propylene glycol, there is a slight shift of SDS peaks towards lower ppm regions in comparison to the D2O peak. The shift is more evident with the increase in the amount of added propane-1,2-diol in comparison to the NMR spectra of pure SDS. Addition of propane-1,2-diol causes the upfield shift of the protons associated with hydrophilic groups, causing the shielding effect. This signifies that the alcohol is linked with the polar head groups of SDS due to its proximity to the SDS molecules. 相似文献
62.
The solubilities of methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane were measured in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDS) (0–0.1M) from 15 to 27°C. From these measurements the standard Gibbs energies, entropies, and enthalpies for the process of transferring the solute molecules from the gaseous phase into the solutions were calculated. An approximate relationship was found relating the volume fraction of the micelles to NaDS concentration. 相似文献
63.
水/AOT/正庚烷微乳体系中磺酸根水化作用的FT—IR研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对水/琥珀酸(乙基已基)磺酸钠(AOT)/正庚烷微乳体系中磺酸根的水化作用进行了研究.由于微乳体系中水分子与表面活性剂分子的相互作用,S=O对称伸缩振动的红外吸收峰向低频方向移动.体系中的加水量W0(水与AOT的摩尔比)由0.5增大至25时,磺酸根对称伸缩振动的红外吸收峰由1051.39cm-1向低频移动至1046.15cm-1.同时,由于Na 的不对称作用,AOT分子中磺酸根反对称伸缩振动分裂成两个吸收峰,分别位于正215cm-1及1245cm-1附近,两个劈裂峰的距离及各自的峰面积均随体系中加水量的变化而变化,应用二阶导数、傅立叶退卷积及曲线拟会等分辨率增强技术可更清楚地反映出这个二重峰的变化情况.固体AOT分子中碳酸根反对称伸缩振动分裂的两个峰之间频率的差值约为42cm-1,形成微乳液以后,这两个峰的差值变小,W0为20时,这两个峰频率的差值逐渐减小到29cm-1,这些变化与磺酸根的水化程度直接相关 相似文献
64.
Mojumdar S. C. Kozánková J. Chocholoušek J. Majling J. Nemecek V. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2004,78(1):145-152
The conditions to fabricate the bulk porous specimens have been studied on account of sodium borosilicate (NBS) glasses. Glass
composition, heat treatment at phase separation and TiO2 addition have been considered in this study. Original glass samples of composition in mol%: sample A: 9.19 Na2O - 23.58 B2O3 - 67.23 SiO2, sample B: 9.29 Na2O - 3.17 TiO2 - 23.82 B2O3 - 63.72 SiO2 were prepared by melting reagent grade chemicals (Na2CO3, HBO3, SiO2 and AgNO3) in platinum crucibles at 1480°C for 1 h in air. The melts were poured onto stainless steel plates and were annealed at 500°C
for 0.5 h after cooling. Thus, obtained samples were phase separated at 700°C for 2, 15, 25 and 50 h to study their microstructure
by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Besides the direct study of the microstructure by SEM, information on glass structural
changes of samples are provided by measuring in situ changes by the optical transmittance thermal analysis. The isothermal
measurements were carried out at 700, 720 and 740°C. The temperature of phase separation, the leaching and nucleator addition
(TiO2), significantly influence the microstructure of the resulting leached product. TiO2 additive seems to suppress crystallization of cristobalite: especially at the extended above heat treatment phase separation
runs. The phase-separated domains of glasses containing above 80 moles of SiO2 are so small that it is very hard to observe them by SEM. The glass composition in our case was selected in a way to have
relatively large phase separated areas easily observed by SEM at magnification 20 000·. The influence of TiO2 is not too pronounced. It seems to suppress the cristobalite crystallization, especially of longer heating runs. The image
analysis of leached glasses shows the prevailing content of the skeletal phase in a comparison to pores. The TiO2 content diminishes the content of the skeletal phase.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
65.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(7):103933
In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship modeling between chemical fingerprints and antirheumatic activity was established, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Taxilli Herba (TH) from different hosts. Characteristic fingerprints of 20 batches of TH samples were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and the similarity analysis was calculated based on thirteen common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Subsequently, nine efficacy markers were discovered by combining fingerprints and antirheumatic activity through grey correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). Meanwhile, the content of 5 constituents in 9 markers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The comprehensive quality of TH was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that a high dose of TH extract could markedly ameliorate arthritis damage compared to other doses, with flavonoids playing an important role in the antirheumatic activity. The comprehensive quality of samples from Morus alba L. (SS) was superior to those from Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS). The present study will demonstrate the markers associated with efficacy, and provide an applicable strategy for more comprehensive quality control and evaluation of TH. 相似文献
66.
The crucial factor of the reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with alkali hydroxides is temperature, depending on which two types of potassium or sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides are formed. These types exhibit different catalytic activity in the alkylation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with methyl acrylate. More active forms of 2,6-But
2C6H3OK or 2,6-But
2C6H3ONa are synthesized at temperatures higher than 160 °C and are predominantly the monomers, which dimerize on cooling. The
data of 1H NMR, electronic, and IR spectra for the corresponding forms of 2,6-But
2C6H3OK and 2,6-But
2C6H3ONa isolated in the individual state are in agreement with cyclohexadienone structure. In DMSO or DMF, the dimeric forms of
2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides react with methyl acrylate to form methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in 64–92% yield.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2138–2143, December, 2006. 相似文献
67.
Ali MOGHIMI Mohammad SABER‐TEHRANI Syed WAQIF‐HUSAIN Majid MOHAMMADHOSSEINI 《中国化学》2007,25(12):1859-1865
A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of chromium species in water samples has been developed. The procedure is based on the selective formation of chromium diethyldithiocarbamate complexes at different pH in the presence of Mn(II) as an enhancement agent of chromium signals followed by elution with organic eluents and determination by atomic flame absorption spectrometry. The maximum capacity of the employed disks was found to be (396±3) µg and (376±2) µg for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The detection limit of the proposed method is 49 and 43 ng·L?1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of chromium species Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in different water samples. 相似文献
68.
Milena Jelikić-Stankov Dejan Stankov Dušan Malešev Zorica Radović 《Mikrochimica acta》1991,103(1-2):65-70
By means of spectroscopic methods it has been found that demeclocycline reacts with molybdate ions forming a complex compound [MoO3HDMTC]2–. The relative stability constant of this compound has been determined by applying spectrophotometric methods. Under optimum conditions for complex formation a very sensitive spectrophotometric method for the estimation of demeclocycline in the concentration range 5.0–35.1 g/ml is proposed. The detection limit of the method is 2.5 g/ml of demeclocycline. The relative standard deviation (n=10) varies between 0.76% and 1.46%. The method proved to be accurate and sensitive for the analysis of the demeclocycline content in tablets. 相似文献
69.
J. A. Navio M. Macias A. Justo C. Real 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1992,38(4):673-682
The thermal decomposition of sodium nitrite or nitrate pre-adsorbed upon TiO2 surfaces has been investigated by employing several techniques as infrared spectroscopy (IR) and temperature programmed desorption in conjunction with mass spectrometry analysis (TPD-MS) to study the features observed during these thermal decompositions. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) in combination with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to investigate the possibility of a solid state chemical reaction between the solid products originated from the thermal decomposition of the pre-adsorbed species and the TiO2. On the basis of our results, various characteristic features of these thermal decomposition reactions will be discussed.This work was supported by JUNTA DE ANDALUCIA (financial support for research groups/1990). 相似文献
70.
Ion diffusion kinetics has been studied using the data of conductivity measurements for aqueous solutions of sodium selenite with different concentrations and at different temperatures. Molecular and ionic self-diffusion coefficients have been determined for infinitely dilute solutions in the temperature range 288 K-313 K. The limiting values of ion mobility and changes in the energies of translation of water molecules from ions’ hydration shell have been found. At elevated temperatures, ΔE
tr
0
increases for both ions in direct proportion to the crystallographic radius of the latter. Ion hydration numbers at 298 K have been calculated. The results of this study are interpreted in the light of Samoilov’s theory on positive and negative hydration of ions.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by L. T. Vlaev and S. D. Genieva__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 870–876, September–October, 2004. 相似文献