Fabrication of Covalently Linked PAH/PVS Layer-by-layer Assembled Multilayers via a Post-photochemical Cross-linking Strategy

A post-photochemical cross-linking strategy was successfully demonstrated to enhance the stability of polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)/poly(vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt)(PVS) multilayers. Conventional polyelectrolyte multilayers of PAH/PVS are usually fabricated through electrostatic layer-by-layer(LbL) assembly, resulting in poor stability, especially in basic solutions, which leads to the urgent demand for converting weak electrostatic interactions into covalent bonds to enhance the stability of the multilayers. This stability problem has been ultimately addressed by post-infiltrating a photosensitive cross-linking agent, 4,4'-diazostilbene-2,2'- disulfonic acid disodium salt(DAS), into the LbL assembled films to initiate the photochemical reaction to cross-link the multilayers. The obviously improved stability of the photo-cross-linked multilayers was demonstrated through experiments with basic solution treatments. Compared to the complete decomposition of uncross-linked multilayers in basic solution, over 74.4% of the covalently cross-linked multilayers were retained under the same conditions, even after a longer duration of basic solution treatment.     

葡萄糖乙酸钠不同基质微生物燃料电池电化学性能对比研究

本文通过接种生活污水处理厂的好氧污泥和厌氧污泥,撘建两个双室微生物燃料电池(MFC,Microbial fuel cell),分别以葡萄糖、乙酸钠作为基质,在0.0335 mol•L^-1基质浓度下研究不同基质微生物燃料电池的产电性能. 研究表明：葡萄糖体系的阳极半电池阻抗为222 Ω,乙酸钠体系为213.67 Ω,说明两种不同有机基质对电池内阻无明显影响. 葡萄糖、乙酸钠体系的交换电流密度i⁰分别为3.463 mA•m^-2、 5.987mA•m^-2;COD去除率分别为50.6%、55.8%;库仑效率分别为42.1%、46.2%. 葡萄糖为基质时最大输出功率密度为394.2 mW•m^-2,相应的最大电流密度为1800mA•m^-2;乙酸钠为基质时最大输出功率密度为311.9mW•m^-2,相应的最大电流密度为1527.5mA•m^-2. 葡萄糖代谢过程复杂并不单一,且代谢不彻底,乙酸钠分子简单更容易代谢,因此乙酸钠的库伦效率及COD去除率均高于葡萄糖,由以上数据可以得出葡萄糖为基质的燃料电池产电性能较好.     

草酸前驱体法制备高性能钠离子电池正极材料NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2

采用草酸前驱体法和传统固相法分别合成了钠离子电池正极材料镍锰酸钠(NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2),并通过XRD,SEM,恒流充放电测试,电化学阻抗图谱(EIS)和循环伏安(CV)等测试方法,考察了两种材料在结构、形貌和电化学性能方面的差异.结果显示,用草酸前驱体法制备的材料为结晶良好的层状结构,无杂相存在,颗粒直径在1μm左右.在0.5C(60 mA·g-1)的倍率下,充放电电压范围为2.0～3.8 V时,草酸前驱体法和高温固相法制备的材料首圈放电比容量分别为119.4 mAh·g-1和123.7 mAh·g-1,100次循环后,容量保持率分别为58.3;和35.6;.基于工艺上的简单和有效特性,草酸前驱体法很有潜力作为规模制备钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料的方法.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定口含烟中的钠

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定口含烟中钠的方法,并对影响测定结果的主要因素进行了优化. 结果表明,方法检出限和定量限分别为0. 553 4 和1. 845 μg / Kg,平均回收率为92. 00% ~ 97. 63%,RSD 低于5. 535% （n = 6）. 应用方法对不同品牌的口含烟样品进行了检测,结果显示,不同品牌口含烟中钠含量水平差异明显.     

家具白乳胶中苯系物含量测定

建立了气相色谱内标法测定家具白乳胶中苯系物含量的方法。样品中苯系物经甲醇提取、离心,上清液用60 m EN-20色谱柱分离,气相色谱检测,内标法定量。优化条件下苯系物回收率在96.84%~103.86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.79%~2.28%,定量下限2.4~2.9 mg/L。方法操作简单,准确度和精密度较高,是一种检测白乳胶产品中苯系物含量的有效方法。     

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of low polar compounds by adding NaAuCl4

Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) has been widely used for various analyses. However, it is difficult to use LC/ESI/MS for the analysis of low polar compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is well known that AuCl₄^? ion decomposes to AuCl₃ by heating, and AuCl₃ is a strong π‐electrophilic Lewis acid. Low polar compounds (pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, perylene, benzo[ghi]perylene, dibenzothiophene and p‐dimethoxybenzene) were detected by ESI/MS in the positive ion mode by adding NaAuCl₄. The low polar compound interacts with AuCl₃ formed at the ESI interface, and undergoes electron transfer to AuCl₃. The radical cation of the low polar compound was then detected by MS. In addition, the LC/ESI/MS determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the post‐column addition of NaAuCl₄ was studied. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

A one-pot three-component synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DAPMs) using atomized sodium in THF under sonic condition

A simple and an efficient procedure for the synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using atomized sodium/THF via a one-pot three-component Biginelli-like cyclocondensation of an aldehyde, a methyl ketone and urea under ultrasonic condition is developed. The method is mild and inexpensive; yields are high and the reactions go to completion within 10–15 min.     

Potential‐induced optimization of ultra‐thin rear surface passivated CIGS solar cells

Ultra‐thin Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells with an Al₂O₃ rear surface passivation layer between the rear contact and absorber layer frequently show a “roll‐over” effect in the J–V curve, lowering the open circuit voltage (V_OC), short circuit current (J_SC) and fill factor (FF), similar to what is observed for Na‐deficient devices. Since Al₂O₃ is a well‐known barrier for Na, this behaviour can indeed be interpreted as due to lack of Na in the CIGS absorber layer. In this work, applying an electric field between the backside of the soda lime glass (SLG) substrate and the SLG/rear‐contact interface is investi‐gated as potential treatment for such Na‐deficient rear surface passivated CIGS solar cells. First, an electrical field of +50 V is applied at 85 °C, which increases the Na concentration in the CIGS absorber layer and the CdS buffer layer as measured by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Subsequently, the field polarity is reversed and part of the previously added Na is removed. This way, the J –V curve roll‐over related to Na deficiency disappears and the V_OC (+25 mV), J_SC(+2.3 mA/cm²) and FF (+13.5% absolute) of the rear surface passivated CIGS solar cells are optimized. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Modular Approach to Introduce Function into Single‐Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles

Here, a modular approach is reported to introduce a specific function into single‐chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs). Hereto, an amphiphilic polymer with pendant benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) units is mixed with a “free” BTA that contains a functional group, either a fluorescent naphthalimide or a catalytically active l ‐proline. Taking advantage of hydrophobic interactions and self‐recognition properties of the BTA units, the “free” BTAs are captured into the interior of the SCPN in water as evidenced by fluorescence studies. To illustrate that function can be readily introduced using a modular approach, l ‐proline‐based BTAs are incorporated to procure a catalytically active SCPN in water. The aldol reaction between p‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone shows good conversions at low catalyst loadings and substrate concentrations, and high stereoselectivities are obtained (de = 91% and ee = 98%).

     

Effect of Surfactant Type and Concentration on Surfactant Migration,Surface Tension,and Adhesion of Latex Films

The effect of surfactant type and concentration on the migration behavior of surfactant in a latex film was investigated. Two types of surfactant, including an anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS) and a non-ionic (nonylphenol ethoxylate, average number of ethylene oxide units = 40, NP-40) surfactant, were used in an emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate copolymer (MMA–BA). The total amount of surfactant was varied in three levels, i.e., 1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%, and the surfactants were used both pure and in a mixture state. The surfactant migration to the film–air (F–A) and film–substrate (F–S) interfaces of the latex films was determined by using an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) method. In addition, the adhesion of the latex films to glass substrates was measured by a pull-off test. The results showed that the migration of anionic surfactant to the interfaces was greater than the non-ionic one. It was also found that the use of non-ionic surfactant along with anionic surfactant could decrease the migration of the anionic surfactant to the interfaces.