金纳米颗粒等离子体共振吸收光谱检测头孢唑啉

根据金纳米粒子等离子体共振吸收引起的溶液颜色变化,建立了一种快速、简便检测头孢唑啉的色度分析方法.方法线性范围为0.1～5.0 μmol/L,检测限为14 nmol/L.将该方法用于头孢唑啉钠粉针剂的分析,回收率在97.4％～100.2％之间,相对标准偏差小于6.1％.     

接枝微球CPVA-g-PSSS的制备及其对5-氟尿嘧啶载药及体外结肠定位释药特性研究

在具有生物相容性的交联聚乙烯醇(CPVA)微球表面,采用铈盐-羟基氧化还原引发体系,实施了对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)的表面引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝有聚阴离子的接枝微球CPVA-g-PSSS,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及zeta电位测定等法,对接枝微球的化学结构及物理化学特性进行了表征.在此基础上重点考察分析了接枝微球CPVA-g-PSSS对5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的吸附(载药)性能与吸附机理,考察探索了载药微球在不同pH介质中的释放行为.实验结果表明,羟基-铈盐氧化还原引发体系可有效地引发SSS在CPVA微球的表面接枝聚合,在适宜的反应条件下,可制得PSSS接枝度为16.1 g/100g的接枝微球CPVA-g-PSSS.在酸性介质中,受强静电相互作用的驱动,接枝微球CPVA-g-PSSS对5-FU分子表现出很强的吸附能力,吸附容量达105 mg/g,可实现有效载药.载药微球的释药行为具有强烈的pH依赖性,在pH=1的介质中,基本不释药;而在pH=7.4的介质中,则发生突释,表现出良好的结肠定位释放行为.     

过充电保护添加剂1,4-二甲氧基苯的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p))和MP2/6-311+G(d,p)方法,研究锂离子电池过充电保护添加剂1,4-二甲氧基苯(p-DMOB)的作用机理.计算结果表明,在过充时,p-DMOB优先于溶剂分子(乙基甲基碳酸酯、二甲基碳酸酯、碳酸乙酯)发生氧化反应.用B3LYP和MP2计算所得的p-DMOB理论氧化电位接近,分别为4.12和4.05V(vsLi/Li+).p-DMOB氧化时首先失去一个电子,生成p-DMOB+·正离子自由基,用B3LYP和MP2方法计算所得的相应能量变化分别为701.24和728.27kJ·mol-1.失去电子后苯环的共轭性受到破坏,随后p-DMOB+·苯环上的C―H键发生断裂,失去H+并形成p-DMOB·自由基.用B3LYP和MP2方法计算所得的相应能量变化分别为1349.78和1810.99kJ·mol-1.p-DMOB·自由基很不稳定,会在电极表面发生聚合反应形成聚合物膜,用B3LYP和MP2方法计算所得的相应能量变化分别为-553.37和-1331.20kJ·mol-1.     

一种新的离子液体负载的双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯试剂的合成

以氯乙酰氯和对碘苯胺为原料,经酰化合成了4-碘-氯乙酰苯胺,接着与1-甲基咪唑反应得到氯化1-甲基-3-(4-碘苯氨基甲酰甲基)咪唑钅翁,随后在水溶液中发生阴离子交换,合成了1-甲基-3-(4-碘苯氨基甲酰甲基)咪唑四氟硼酸盐;四氟硼酸盐在过氧化氢/三氟乙酸酐体系中氧化得到一种新的离子液体负载的双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯试剂1-甲基-3-[4-双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯氨基甲酰甲基]咪唑四氟硼酸盐。反应总收率62.3%。试剂没有吸湿性,在空气中长期放置不变质。化学结构用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、19F NMR和元素分析表征。     

FTIR-ATR与显微成像法结合观察NaNO3气溶胶结晶过程

阶梯状改变环境湿度, 利用FTIR-ATR(Attenuated Total Reflection)技术以及显微成像技术观察NaNO3气溶胶微粒的结晶动力学。多次实验证实NaNO3液滴在饱和点74.5%RH之后开始陆续风化, 至风化点53%RH之后结晶速率明显增快, 但并不是相对湿度越低, 结晶速率越快, 而是相对湿度的变化率越大, 结晶速率越快。对数据进行非线性拟合发现在湿度下降处结晶速率呈指数关系, 在湿度稳定時结晶速率呈线性关系。并且通过显微镜观察到尽管样品NaNO3液滴的直径在同一个数量级上, 仍能看出结晶速率与液滴半径关系紧密, 半径越大越易结晶, 结晶的相对湿度越高。     

基于SERS光谱的银溶胶溶液中腺嘌呤的定量分析

碱基是构成核酸的物质基础。碱基的含量分析对于生物体的生理活动及新陈代谢过程研究具有重要意义。本文利用表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱技术研究了腺嘌呤在相对稳定的银溶胶溶液中的SERS光谱信号强度与浓度的定量关系。研究表明添加聚合物作为稳定剂的银溶胶具有良好的稳定性。进一步研究表明, 在1×10-4~ 1×10-3mol ·L-1的浓度范围内, 以吡啶作为内标, 分析物腺嘌呤与内标物特征谱峰强度之比与腺嘌呤的浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系。     

Chiral symmetry breaking in unstirred crystallization

Statistics of nucleation of chiral forms of sodium bromate from unstirred aqueous solutions was studied. It was established that bimodal, trimodal and unimodal distributions of enantiomers are obtained in unstirred crystallization. It was also found out that probabilities of the creation of L or D crystals and racemates R, as well as the presence of D, L, and R peaks in distributions depend on crystallizer size, supersaturation and temperature. Nucleation at low supersaturations in small, closed crystallizers leads to the formation of pure enantiomers, and to bimodal distributions with D and L peaks at any temperature. At high supersaturations in large, open crystallizers the formation of racemates and unimodal distributions with racemate R peaks results. In open crystallizers at the lowest temperatures and at the highest temperatures used in crystallization from aqueous solution racemates of sodium bromate are preferentially formed, but in a wide range of intermediate‐temperatures apart from racemates, pure enantiomers are efficiently formed which leads to trimodal distributions. The spontaneous formation of pure enantiomers in crystallization from unstirred, unseeded solutions is caused by the chiral symmetry breaking phenomenon, the same as that discovered in stirred crystallization. The conservation of chiral symmetry is, in unstirred crystallization, one of the two possibilities, and the other one is the breakage of symmetry. Both of them occur in nature. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Parity violation and parity conservation in unstirred crystallization: Effect of first crystals

Statistics of nucleation of chiral forms was studied to establish the effect of the number of first crystals and their handedness on distributions of enantiomers. Various bimodal, trimodal and unimodal distributions are obtained in unstirred crystallization, depending on the number of initial crystals and growth conditions. The binomial distribution satisfactorily describes experimental distributions of enantiomeric excess and may be used to predict distributions and probabilities of nucleation of enantiomers. The first nucleated crystals determine the handedness of secondary crystals, and number of initial crystals governs statistics of chiral nucleation. According to the binomial distribution if single crystals nucleate as the first, the bimodal distributions result with D and L peaks. If LD, LL, and DD pairs are nucleated as first, trimodal distributions with D, R, and L peaks are created, and if groups of crystals of various handedness nucleate as the first the unimodal distributions of enantiomeric excess with racemate R peaks are formed. Chiral nucleation experiments on sodium bromate were the basis for the theoretical considerations and verifications of predictions resulting from binomial distributions on probabilities of the creation of L and D crystals, and racemates, and the presence of D, L, and R peaks in the distributions. Growth conditions affect the number of the first crystals and effectiveness of cloning, and as a result, the distributions of enantiomers. Formation of pure enantiomers and/or racemates proves that the conservation of chiral symmetry, and the breakage of chiral symmetry can occur in unstirred crystallization. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Note: Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structures of the Coordination Polymers [Cu(II)(NO3)2(BBMB) and [Mn(II)Cl2(BBMB)2] [BBMB = 1,4-Bis(1-Benzimidazolylmethyl) Benzene]

Two novel coordination polymers, [Cu(II)(NO₃)₂(bbmb)] _n (1) and [Mn(II)(Cl₂)(BBMB)₂] (2) [bbmb = 1,4-bis(1-benzimidazolylmethyl)benzene], were synthesized and characterized by IR and thermal analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Polymer 1 exhibits a distorted metal tetrahedron in its structure, involving two nitrogen atoms from bbmb ligands and two oxygen atoms from NO₃ groups. Each Cu(II)(NO₃)₂ unit is bridged by bbmb to form a zigzag chain structure. Polymer 2 possesses a two-dimensional network. The coordination environment around Mn(II) is a distorted octahedron and its solid-state structure exhibits a layered packing mode. In the polymers the two coordinating nitrogen atoms on bridging bbmb ligands are trans to the central benzene plane.