便携式人体皮肤摩擦性能测试仪的研制

随着对人体皮肤摩擦学特性研究的展开,目前还没有适用的设备对脸颊?额头等不规则形状部位进行测试,本文研制了一种便携式的摩擦性能测试仪,并在不损害皮肤情况下进行人体皮肤摩擦性能测试,结果表明:该测试仪使用方便?性能可靠.在0.2 2N 的接触正压力和10 60nml/S 的滑行速度范围内,皮肤摩擦系数与施加的接触正压力及滑行速度无关.自然状态下,手背?手掌?前臂屈侧?前臂伸侧?前额部位皮肤摩擦系数在性别间的差距较小,但脸颊部位皮肤摩擦系数女性却远大于男性.护肤品处理后,各测试部位皮肤摩擦系数在性别间的差距都有所缩小.     

汗液对皮肤摩擦特性的影响研究

采用人工汗液模拟人体汗液,在连续和间歇式往复摩擦运动模式下研究汗液对正常人体皮肤、穿戴假肢皮肤以及残肢疤痕皮肤摩擦性能的影响,并模拟假肢穿戴环境研究汗液对皮肤摩擦舒适度的影响. 结果表明:在法向载荷为0.2 N和0.7 N的连续和间歇式往复摩擦运动模式下,汗液均通过改变皮肤表面的物理化学性能而对皮肤的摩擦行为产生影响;在汗液逐渐干燥的过程中,皮肤的摩擦行为从粘着向相对滑移状态转变,摩擦系数变化经历从小到大再减小、最后达到稳定的过程;在法向载荷为8.0 N、模拟假肢穿戴环境的连续式往复摩擦运动模式下,汗液环境中的正常小腿皮肤、穿戴假肢皮肤和残肢疤痕皮肤的摩擦系数均大于干燥环境.根据皮肤在摩擦过程中的疼痛感、牵扯感和灼热感等同时提出皮肤摩擦舒适度概念,与干燥的假肢穿戴环境相比,汗液均加强了不同皮肤的摩擦不舒适感.     

蚊子口针刺破人体皮肤过程的数值模拟

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了蚊子口针的结构,根据实际结构建立蚊子口针端部模型,运用有限元软件ABAQUS对蚊子口针尖端刺入皮肤过程进行非线性有限元模拟,考虑不同皮肤层的力学性能,讨论了刺入过程中皮肤变形与破坏、刺入力等的变化规律,模拟过程与实际刺入实验基本相符.     

Physics with loosely bound nuclei

The essential aspect of contemporary physics is to understand properties of nucleonic matter that constitutes the world around us. Over the years research in nuclear physics has provided strong guidance in understanding the basic principles of nuclear interactions. But, the scenario of nuclear physics changed drastically as the new generation of accelerators started providing more and more rare isotopes, which are away from the line of stability. These weakly bound nuclei are found to exhibit new forms of nuclear matter and unprecedented exotic behaviour. The low breakup thresholds of these rare nuclei are posing new challenges to both theory and experiments. Fortunately, nature has provided a few loosely bound stable nuclei that have been studied thoroughly for decades Attempts are being made to find a consistent picture for the unstable nuclei starting from their stable counterparts. Some significant differences in the structure and reaction mechanisms are found.     

皮肤组织压缩行为与热损伤的相关性

皮肤组织生物热力学是一门涉及生物传热、烧伤、生物力学和生理神经学等的高度交叉的新兴学科.皮肤组织的热力学性能表征对皮肤组织生物热力学的建立和完善以及许多医学应用领域都具有相当重要的作用.然而,目前对于皮肤组织力学性质和温度之间的量化关系却几乎没有开展研究,试图揭示高温引发的热损伤对皮肤组织力学性能影响的研究也相当少.该文重点描述了猪皮在各种热损伤度下的压缩行为,讨论了与热损伤与皮肤压缩行为的相关性及机理.结果表明:皮肤的刚度随热损伤度的提高而下降,并且具有不同损伤度下的应变速率敏感性,这些特性主要是由皮肤的水合作用变化所引起的.     

柑皮挥发油对衣蛾驱虫作用的初步研究

用水浴回流法从柑皮中提取挥发油,分离并签定出16种组分,主要组分为橙皮甙等黄酮类化合物,同时进行了挥发油对衣蛾驱虫作用的实验.实验显示,不同浓度的柑皮挥发油均对衣蛾有较强的驱避及杀伤作用.柑皮挥发油气.味芳香,对人体无毒,价廉,不污染环境,有着很好的应用前景.     

Epilobium angustifolium L. as a Potential Herbal Component of Topical Products for Skin Care and Treatment—A Review

Epilobium angustifolium L. (EA) has been used as a topical agent since ancient times. There has been an increasing interest in applying EA as a raw material used topically in recent years. However, in the literature, there are not many reports on the comprehensive application of this plant to skin care and treatment. EA contains many valuable secondary metabolites, which determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antiproliferative activity effects. One of the most important active compounds found in EA is oenothein B (OeB), which increases the level of ROS and protects cells from oxidative damage. OeB also influences wound healing and reduces inflammation by strongly inhibiting hyaluronidase enzymes and inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 cyclooxygenases. Other compounds that play a key role in the context of application to the skin are flavonoids, which inhibit collagenase and hyaluronidase enzymes, showing anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. While terpenes in EA play an important role in fighting bacterial skin infections, causing, among other things cell membrane, permeability increase as well as the modification of the lipid profiles and the alteration of the adhesion of the pathogen to the animal cells. The available scientific information on the biological potential of natural compounds can be the basis for the wider use of EA in skin care and treatment. The aim of the article is to review the existing literature on the dermocosmetic use of E. angustifolium.     

岛状皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损修复的进展

归纳足前部的生物力学和应用解剖研究结果,足前部的皮肤缺损将会导致足的功能障碍,重点讨论了各种岛状皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损的优缺点,并对足内侧皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损提出了问题和展望.     

The existence and stability of bulk nanobubbles:a long-standing dispute on the experimentally observed mesoscopic inhomogeneities in aqueous solutions

In theory,nanobubbles can stably exist with a lifetime of microseconds at most,but numerous experimental observations demonstrate that nanobubbles in bulk solution can be stable from hours to weeks.Although various conjectures on the stability mechanism of bulk nanobubbles,such as the contaminant mechanism,skin mechanism,surface zeta potential mechanism,are proposed,there has not yet been a unified conclusion.Since bulk nanobubbles show great potential in a wide spectrum of applications and are relevant to a number of unsolved questions on cavitation and nucleation,the debate over their stability mechanisms has been active.In the past,extensive studies have been carried out to understand the mechanism of nanobubble stability,and important insights have already been provided.This paper will provide a brief overview of our current understanding of the unexpected stability of bulk nanobubbles.     

N,N-Diethyl-3-toluamide Formulation Based on Ethanol Containing 0.1% 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Attenuates the Drug’s Skin Penetration and Prolongs the Repellent Effect without Stickiness

N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most widely used insect repellents in the world. It was reported that a solution containing 6–30% cyclodextrin (CD) as a solvent instead of ethanol (EtOH) provided an enhancement of the repellent action time duration of the DEET formulation, although the high-dose CD caused stickiness. In order to overcome this shortcoming, we attempted to prepare a 10% DEET formulation using EtOH containing low-dose CDs (β-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPβCD), methyl-β-CD, and sulfobutylether-β-CD) as solvents (DEET/EtOH/CD formulations). We determined the CD concentration to be 0.1% in the DEET/EtOH/CD formulations, since the stickiness of 0.1% CDs was not felt (approximately 8 × 10⁻³ N). The DEET residue on the skin superficial layers was prolonged, and the drug penetration into the skin tissue was decreased by the addition of 0.1% CD. In particular, the retention time and attenuated penetration of DEET on the rat skin treated with the DEET/EtOH/HPβCD formulation was significantly higher in comparison with that of the DEET/EtOH formulation without CD. Moreover, the repellent effect of DEET was more sustained by the addition of 0.1% HPβCD in the study using Aedes albopictus. In conclusion, we found that the DEET/EtOH/HPβCD formulations reduced the skin penetration of DEET and prolonged the repellent action without stickiness.