全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13119篇 |
免费 | 2208篇 |
国内免费 | 1776篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5954篇 |
晶体学 | 381篇 |
力学 | 1809篇 |
综合类 | 155篇 |
数学 | 2071篇 |
物理学 | 6733篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 310篇 |
2021年 | 408篇 |
2020年 | 371篇 |
2019年 | 362篇 |
2018年 | 356篇 |
2017年 | 443篇 |
2016年 | 509篇 |
2015年 | 570篇 |
2014年 | 757篇 |
2013年 | 1112篇 |
2012年 | 755篇 |
2011年 | 865篇 |
2010年 | 744篇 |
2009年 | 858篇 |
2008年 | 832篇 |
2007年 | 942篇 |
2006年 | 810篇 |
2005年 | 698篇 |
2004年 | 695篇 |
2003年 | 617篇 |
2002年 | 508篇 |
2001年 | 443篇 |
2000年 | 462篇 |
1999年 | 402篇 |
1998年 | 340篇 |
1997年 | 296篇 |
1996年 | 261篇 |
1995年 | 206篇 |
1994年 | 170篇 |
1993年 | 145篇 |
1992年 | 122篇 |
1991年 | 113篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 61篇 |
1988年 | 55篇 |
1987年 | 58篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
131.
Fabian Buffa Gustavo A. Abraham Brian P. Grady Daniel Resasco 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(4):490-501
A commercially available aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane formulated with a methylene bis(cyclohexyl) diisocyanate hard segment and a poly(tetramethylene oxide) soft segment and chain‐extended with 1,4‐butanediol was dissolved in dimethylformamide and mixed with dispersed single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The properties of composites made with unfunctionalized nanotubes were compared with the properties of composites made with nanotubes functionalized to contain hydroxyl groups. Functionalization almost eliminated the conductivity of the tubes according to the conductivity of the composites above the percolation threshold. In most cases, functionalized and unfunctionalized tubes yielded composites with statistically identical mechanical properties. However, composites made with functionalized tubes did have a slightly higher modulus in the rubbery plateau region at higher nanotube fractions. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns indicated that the dispersion reached a plateau in the unfunctionalized composites that was consistent with the plateau in the rubbery plateau region. The room‐temperature modulus and tensile strength increase was proportionally higher than almost all increases seen previously in thermoplastic polyurethanes; however, the increase was still an order of magnitude below what has been reported for the best nanotube–polymer systems. Nanotube addition increased the hard‐segment glass transition temperature slightly, whereas the soft‐segment glass transition was so diffuse that no conclusions could be drawn. Unfunctionalized tubes suppressed the crystallization of the hard segment; whereas functionalized tubes had no effect. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 490–501, 2007 相似文献
132.
Shaping command input or preshaping is used for reducing system oscillation in motion control. Desired systems inputs are altered so that the system finishes the requested move without residual oscillation. This technique, developed by N.C. Singer and W.P. Seering, is used for example in the aerospace field, in particular in flexible structure control. This paper presents the study of ZV shaper for explicit fractional derivative systems (generalized derivative systems). A robustness study of ZV shaper is then presented and applied to improve second generation CRONE control response time. Results from simulation and from a DC motor bench are also given. 相似文献
133.
The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response of Al2O3 dosimeters to high-energy heavy charged particles (HCP) has been studied using the heavy ion medical accelarator at Chiba, Japan. The samples were Al2O3 single-crystal chips, of the type usually known as TLD-500, and LuxelTM dosimeters (Al2O3:C powder in plastic) from Landauer Inc. The samples were exposed to 4He (150 MeV/u), 12C (400 MeV/u), 28Si (490 MeV/u) and 56Fe (500 MeV/u) ions, with linear energy transfer values covering the range from 2.26 to 189 keV/μm in water and doses from 1 to 100 mGy (to water). A 90Sr/90Y beta source, calibrated against a 60Co secondary standard, was used for calibration purposes. For OSL, we used both continuous-wave OSL measurements (CW-OSL, using green light stimulation at 525 nm) and pulsed OSL measurements (POSL, using 532 nm stimulation from a Nd:YAG Q-switched laser). The efficiencies (ηHCP,γ) of the different HCPs at producing OSL or TL were observed to depend not only upon the linear energy transfer (LET) of the HCP, but also upon the sample type (single crystal chip or LuxelTM) and the luminescence method used to define the signal—i.e. TL, CW-OSL initial intensity, CW-OSL total area, or POSL. Observed changes in shape of the decay curve lead to potential methods for extracting LET information of unknown radiation fields. A discussion of the results is given, including the potential use of OSL from Al2O3 in the areas of space radiation dosimetry and radiation oncology. 相似文献
134.
135.
136.
Madalina Deaconu Nicolas Fournier Etienne Tanré 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2003,5(2):131-158
By continuing the probabilistic approach of Deaconu et al. (2001), we derive a stochastic particle approximation for the Smoluchowski coagulation equations. A convergence result for this model is obtained. Under quite stringent hypothesis we obtain a central limit theorem associated with our convergence. In spite of these restrictive technical assumptions, the rate of convergence result is interesting because it is the first obtained in this direction and seems to hold numerically under weaker hypothesis. This result answers a question closely connected to the Open Problem 16 formulated by Aldous (1999). 相似文献
137.
文献[1]引入一类具有广泛应用前景的随机过程-Markov骨架过程。借助Markov骨架过程的方法研究GI/G/1单重休假服务系统队长,及t时刻到达顾客等待时间的瞬时概率分布。 相似文献
138.
本文对所合成的具有 [(PO4 ) 2 Mo5O1 5]簇骼的 3种新颖的有机 磷钼酸盐簇合物(NH3CH2 CH2 NH3) 2 5[(PO4 ) (HPO4 )Mo5O1 5]·7 5H2 O (Ⅰ ) ,(H3NCH2 CH2 NH3) 3·[(PO4 ) 2 Mo5O1 5]·3H2 O (Ⅱ )和(H3NCH2 CH2 NH3) 2 ·[Cu(en) ][(PO4 ) 2 Mo5O1 5]·5H2 O (Ⅲ )用FTIR ,NIR Raman ,紫外 可见漫反射光谱 (UV VisDRS)和荧光光谱等研究手段 ,对其进行光谱研究 ,探讨其结构和性能的关系。在这些化合物中 ,化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ具有孤立的 [(PO4 ) 2 Mo5O1 5]簇骼基元 ,而化合物Ⅲ的 [(PO4 ) 2 Mo5O1 5]簇骼基元是由 [Cuen]基团桥联成链 ;磷钼酸盐的特征振动频率和这些化合物的结构相关 ;UV VisDRS显示 ,在 2 0 0和 2 6 0nm左右有两个杂多化合物的特征吸收谱带 ;化合物的稳态荧光光谱中 ,观察到以 2 4 0nm激发 ,在大约 4 0 0nm附近出现的由金属氧簇Oμ→Mo跃迁激发所引起的较强的发射峰 ,在化合物 (Ⅲ )中 ,还观察到通过 [Cuen]的荷移跃迁的以 5 70nm激发所产生的 6 0 4nm的发射峰。 相似文献
139.
Transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) is a method for the analysis of particle size distributions based on the statistical fluctuations of a transmission signal. Complete information on the PSD and particle concentration can be retrieved by a special transformation of the transmission signal, whereby the expectancy of the transmission square (ETS) is determined after the signal has been subjected to a procedure of spatial and temporal averaging. By varying the averaging parameters over a wide range, a spectrum of ETSs is obtained and introduced into a linear equation system, which yields the PSD. In the experimental realization presented here, variable temporal averaging is realized in the frequency domain with a series of low pass filters at different cutoff frequencies while spatial averaging inevitably occurs as the particles pass through a focused Gaussian beam of finite cross section. Experimental results on spherical particles (glass beads) and non‐spherical particles (SiC) are presented. The PSDs are resolved in 30 intervals within a particle size range from 1–1000 μm, employing a modified Chahine inversion algorithm. So far, the measurements are limited to moderate particle concentrations. Some influences affecting the measurements, especially for higher particle concentrations, are discussed in detail. 相似文献
140.
M.A. Grado-Caffaro 《Optik》2003,114(5):237-238
Sensitivity of the velocity of a single electron, in the relativistic case, to a perpendicular magnetic field is evaluated by defining a parameter which becomes useful in a number of cases related to dynamical systems. In particular, the ultrarelativistic case is examined. 相似文献