Scattering of plane acoustic waves by a transversely isotropic cylindrical shell—application to material characterization

Scattering of obliquely incident plane acoustic wave by an air-filled, transversely isotropic cylindrical shell immersed in water is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The normal mode expansion technique is employed for analyzing the scattering field, and then resonance modes of the shell appearing in modal scattering form functions are identified performing the resonance scattering analysis. Dispersion curves for Sholte-Stoneley, SH and Lamb waves are obtained and their characteristics are interpreted. Calculated backscattering and resonance spectra as well as dispersion curves are compared with those from ultrasonic experiments for two composite samples having the same nominal composition but fabricated under different conditions. Sensitive change of the dispersion curves is observed for both normal and oblique incidences, which demonstrates the feasibility of systematic inverse evaluation of damage or elastic constants of the composite shell using data from the acoustic scattering measurements.     

Effect of chitosan and thiolated chitosan coating on the inhibition behaviour of PIBCA nanoparticles against intestinal metallopeptidases

Surface modified nanoparticles composed of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) cores surrounded by a chitosan and thiolated chitosan gel layer were prepared and characterized in previous works. The presence of such biopolymers on the nanoparticle surface conferred those nanosystems interesting characteristics that might partially overcome the gastrointestinal enzymatic barrier, improving the oral administration of pharmacologically active peptides. In the present work, the antiprotease behaviour of this family of core–shell nanoparticles was in vitro tested against two model metallopeptidases present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT): Carboxypeptidase A -CP A- (luminal protease) and Leucine Aminopeptidase M -LAP M- (membrane protease). As previous step, the zinc-binding capacity of these nanoparticles was evaluated. Interestingly, an improvement of both the zinc-binding capacity and the antiprotease effect of chitosan was observed when the biopolymers (chitosan and thiolated chitosan) were used as coating component of the core–shell nanoparticles, in comparison with their behaviour in solution, thanks to the different biopolymer chains rearrangement. The presence of amino, hydroxyl and thiol groups on the nanoparticle surface promoted zinc binding and hence the inhibition of the metallopeptidases analysed. On the contrary, the occurrence of a cross-linked structure in the gel layer surrounding the PIBCA cores of thiolated formulations, due to the formation of interchain and intrachain disulphide bonds, partially limited the inhibition of the proteases. The low accessibility of cations to the active groups of the cross-linked polymeric shell was postulated as a possible explanation of this behaviour. Results obtained in this work make this family of surface-modified nanocarriers promising candidates for the successfull administration of pharmacologically active peptides and proteins by the oral route.     

Optical fields in a multilayered microsphere with a quasiperiodic spherical stack

We studied the frequency spectrum of photons in a multilayered microsphere coated by a quasiperiodic (Fibonacci) dielectric stack numerically. We found that the transmittancy spectrum of such a stack consists of quasiband gaps and narrow resonances caused by re-reflection of optical waves. When the number (Fibonacci order) of layers increases, the band gaps and resonances split, and the structure of the frequency spectrum acquires a fractal form. We found the self-similarity of the frequency spectrum and evaluated the fractal dimension both for lossless and dissipative cases. The influence of a weak random deviation of spherical layers width is also discussed.     

导体壳内外的电场彼此独立的简易证明

本文提供了一种证明导体壳的内外电场彼此独立的简易方法.     

Unusually Large Lattice Mismatch‐Induced Optical Behaviors of Au@Cu–Cu2O Core–Shell Nanocrystals with Noncentrally Located Cores

To extend the optical property characterization of metal–Cu₂O polyhedra, 50 nm Au@Cu cubic cores are used to fabricate Au@Cu–Cu₂O core–shell cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra with tunable sizes. Despite the unusually large lattice mismatch of 15.1% between Cu and Cu₂O, fine adjustment in the volumes of reagents introduced allows the formation of these heterostructures. To relieve the lattice strain, the metal cores are essentially never found to locate at the particle center, and slight lattice spacing shifts are recorded. Although efforts are made to reduce the heterostructure sizes, the Cu₂O shells are generally too thick to reveal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band from the metal cores. Only the Au@Cu–Cu₂O cubes with many cores located near the particle corners show observable SPR band red‐shift, but UV–vis spectra of all particle shapes are still dominated by Cu₂O absorption and light scattering bands. Au@Cu–Cu₂O cubes consistently show the most red‐shifted absorption bands than those of octahedra resulting from the optical facet effects.     

分子动力学模拟玻璃微球充气保气性能的机理

为了探讨载能重粒子辐照改善惯性约束聚变中所用玻璃微球的充气性能,以及热弛豫过程中改善其保气性能的微观机制,利用分子动力学的方法对载能重粒子辐照前后的SiO₂玻璃在内部形成气体扩散微通道的机理进行了模拟研究。结果表明,重粒子辐照可以在SiO₂玻璃中形成明显的扩散通道,说明辐照后的玻璃更适合通入Ar等较大尺寸气体;在高温高压的条件下,形成的扩散通道有逐渐关闭的趋势,辐照产生的缺陷能够在一定程度上得到修复。因此,利用重粒子辐照的方法,可在玻璃体中产生充气的微通道,该通道在高温高压下可实现关闭,从而起到开关的作用。模拟结果可为实验上通过重粒子辐照提升微球玻璃充气保气性能的方法提供理论支持,说明该方法具有可行性。     

Core/shell structured ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic property

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical synthesis route. Subsequently, SiO₂ layers were successfully coated onto the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to modify the photocatalytic activity in acidic or alkaline solutions. The obtained particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and zeta potential. It was found that ultrafine core/shell structured ZnO/SiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully obtained. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/SiO₂ core/shell structured nanoparticles in Rhodamine B aqueous solution at varied pH value were also investigated. Compared with uncoated ZnO nanoparticles, core/shell structured ZnO/SiO₂ nanoparticles with thinner SiO₂ shell possess improved stability and relatively better photocatalytic activity in acidic or alkaline solutions, which would broaden its potential application in pollutant treatment.     

An oxide/silicon core/shell nanowire metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor

This paper studies an oxide/silicon core/shell nanowire MOSFET(OS-CSNM).Through three-dimensional device simulations,we have demonstrated that the OS-CSNM has a lower leakage current and higher I on /I off ratio after introducing the oxide core into a traditional nanowire MOSFET(TNM).The oxide/silicon OS-CSNM structure suppresses threshold voltage roll-off,drain induced barrier lowering and subthreshold swing degradation.Smaller intrinsic device delay is also observed in OS-CSNM in comparison with that of TNM.     

Monte Carlo Shell Model Mass Predictions

The nuclear mass calculation is discussed in terms of large-scale shell model calculations. First, the development and limitations of the conventional shell model calculations are mentioned. In order to overcome the limitations, the Quantum Monte Carlo Diagonalization (QMCD) method has been proposed. The basic formulation and features of the QMCD method are presented as well as its application to the nuclear shell model, referred to as Monte Carlo Shell Model (MCSM). The MCSM provides us with a breakthrough in shell model calculations: the structure of low-lying states can be studied with realistic interactions for a nearly unlimited variety of nuclei. Thus, the MCSM can contribute significantly to the study of nuclear masses. An application to N∼20 unstable nuclei far from the β-stability line is mentioned. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.