氯气的制备及性质一体化实验改进设计*

目前在化学教材中涉及氯气制备、性质的实验存在一些不足,如反应物用量大、反应时间长、反应分开进行及对环境污染大等。因此,在传统实验与现有改进实验的基础上,将氯气制备、漂白性、酸性、氧化性等多性质检验与尾气处理综合进行一体化改进设计,不仅操作简单、有效减少试剂用量,且对环境污染小,体现绿色化学思想。     

有机化学实验课程目标达成评价及结果应用研究*

课程目标达成评价是专业人才培养目标与毕业要求达成评价的基础,是师范类专业认证工作中的重要考查内容之一。有机化学实验是化学专业的必修实践类课程,为合理评价该课程的教学质量及教学效果,以内江师范学院化学专业的有机化学实验课程为例,介绍了该课程的基本信息、课程目标及其对毕业要求指标点的支撑。从形成性评价和终结性评价、直接评价和间接评价、综合评价等方面详细介绍了课程目标达成评价过程及评价结果的应用,研究结果为相关课程的教学改革和教学质量评价提供参考。     

A novel Cr3+-activated far-red titanate phosphor: synthesis,luminescence enhancement and application prospect

Plant factory, a new agricultural planting technology, has emerged and rapidly grown in recent years, with phosphor conversion light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) considered as the first choice of source light for the plant factory. In this study, a new type of Cr³⁺-activated Li₂MgTi₃O₈ phosphor (LMT: Cr³⁺) was synthesized by high temperature solid state method. X-Ray diffraction patterns showed that there was no detectable impurity in these samples. The photoluminescence spectra revealed that this phosphor can emit far-red light with the peak at 740 nm excited by ultraviolet and blue light, overlapped well with the P_FR. After introducing Zn²⁺ ions (LMT: Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺), the luminescence intensity increases by 46% mainly due to the increase of lattice distortion, and internal quantum yield was improved from 25.4% to 41.3% under 365 nm excitation. Finally, the pc-LED devices, consisting of 470 nm chip coated with the optimal phosphor, exhibited good luminescence and overlapping with P_FR. These results indicate that the LMT: Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺ phosphor has the potential application in modern agriculture.     

A Shared Prebiotic Formation of Neopterins and Guanine Nucleosides from Pyrimidine Bases

The prebiotic origins of biopolymers and metabolic co-factors are key questions in Origins of Life studies. In a simple warm-little-pond model, using a drying phase to produce a urea-enriched solution, we present a prebiotic synthetic path for the simultaneous formation of neopterins and tetrahydroneopterins, along with purine nucleosides. We show that, in the presence of ribose and in a formylating environment consisting of urea, ammonium formate, and water (UAFW), the formation of neopterins from pyrimidine precursors is robust, while the simultaneous formation of guanosine requires a significantly higher ribose concentration. Furthermore, these reactions provide a tetrahydropterin–pterin redox pair. This model suggests a prebiotic link in the origin of purine nucleosides and pterin cofactors that provides a possible deep prebiotic temporal connection for the emergence of nucleic acids and metabolic cofactors.     

基于经典实验的教学改革模式探讨——以二元液系气液平衡相图实验的改进为例

从实验装置、实验体系、溶液配制、数据测量等方面针对经典的物理化学实验(二元液系气液平衡相图)进行了综合性探索。减少了实验试剂消耗,缩短了实验时间,改善了实验的操作性和重现性,同时消除了实验过程中的安全隐患。经过多年工科专业学生实验教学实践表明,这些改进措施提升了学生的低碳环保理念,改善了实验的过程体验,强化了经典实验的创新效果。在引导学生深刻理解气液相平衡基础理论的同时培养了学生的应用创新思维,获得了良好的实验教学效果。     

Accumulative damage near crack tip for welded bridge members: fatigue life determination

The behavior of crack growth for the fatigue damage accumulation near tip where damage is most severe is analyzed. Fatigue life is assessed for the welded members of bridges under traffic loading. Two parts are considered. They consist of the development of a fatigue damage accumulation model for welded bridge members and a method for calculating the stress intensity factor that is needed for evaluating the fatigue life of welded bridge members with cracks. Based on the concept of continuum damage accumulation and fatigue and fatigue crack growth relations, results are obtained to describe the relationship between the cracking count rate and the effective stress intensity factor. Crack growth and fatigue life are found for two types of welded members assisted by using fatigue experimental results. The stress intensity factors are modified by correcting for the geometric shape of the welded members in order to reflect the influence of the weldment and geometry. This is accomplished via the stress intensity factor. The calculated and measured fatigue lives were generally in good agreement for the initial cracking conditions of two types of welded members widely used in steel bridges.     

一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的方法

提出了一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的等效载荷法，该法在变幅载荷的均方根算式中引入加权因子和修正系数来分别反映不同载荷变程和平均应力对变幅疲劳寿命的影响，并用相应获得的等幅载荷取代变幅载荷来估算谱载下的疲劳裂纹起始寿命．该法仅依赖于材料的等幅S-N曲线和单轴力学性能，不含任何待定参数，使用方便；两种材料3种谱载下15组变幅疲劳试验数据的评估结果显示，该法的平均寿命预测精度分别较同类型的Miner法则、修正Miner法则、均方根法提高了99．1％，24．6％和50．0％。     

铝合金切口件在四组变幅载荷下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹起始寿命试验研究与估算模型

试验研究了铝合金切口件在4组变幅块谱下、3．5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹起始寿命．结果表明，变幅载荷谱中的大超载会显著延长腐蚀疲劳裂纹起始寿命，并且加载顺序具有明显的影响．根据反映大小载荷交互作用的超载腐蚀疲劳裂纹起始寿命曲线和Miner累积损伤定则，建立了变幅载荷下切口件腐蚀疲劳裂纹起始寿命估算模型，应用该模型估算的结果与试验结果相吻合．     

沥青路面反射裂缝问题的损伤力学守恒积分

基于损伤力学理论，建立了沥青路面反射裂缝问题的损伤力学守恒积分，证明了在反射裂缝形成过程中应变能密度的守恒性。在此基础上，导出了预估反射裂缝形成寿命的简便方法与公式。本文研究成果对于沥青路面设计与旧路补强设计具有一定理论指导意义。     

基于部门背景-计划行为理论改进模型的公务人员节能减排行为意图影响因素研究——以山西省为例

本文采用改进的传统计划行为理论模型,增加了知识-态度-行为以及利社会行为的理论基础作为变量,首次引入部门背景作为重要变量,旨在研究公务人员的节能减排行为意图的影响因素。本文开发出山西省政府部门公务人员节能减排行为意图问卷,建立了山西省政府部门公务人员节能减排行为意图模型,发现了不同部门对公务人员节能减排行为意图的影响程度和方向。结果显示模型整体契合度良好,不同部门的政府部门公务人员在知识变量、价值变量、知觉行为控制变量、行为意图变量上有显著差异。在利社会行为、主观规范变量和态度变量上没有显著差异。发改委公务人员主观规范较高,交通运输厅公务人员对未来展现节能减排行为的意愿与可能性较低。建设厅执行节能减排的后果有较低的评价。