Baker酵母用于不对称合成的研究进展

Baker酵母以独特的方式在制备高光学活性手性化合物中起着重要作用。本文重点介绍 Baker 酵母在合成光学活性羟基化合物、硫化物、昆虫性信息素等方面的应用及其特点。参考文献44篇。     

The systemic effect of cancers on human sera proton NMR relaxation times

In animal models of cancer, an elevation of T1 and T2 in uninvolved tissues and in the blood of tumor bearing animals has been termed "the systemic effect." This study reports T1 values in sera of human patients from Genoa, Italy, with several types of cancer and non-cancerous diseases. T1 values were significantly elevated over normal controls (1628 +/- 113 ms) in colorectal cancers (1725 +/- 149 ms) and stomach cancers (1817 +/- 219 ms). However a systemic effect was not demonstrated in acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, or plasma cell myeloma, or in pancreatic and lung cancers. Noncancerous states of cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and monoclonal gammapathies did not show a T1 elevation. In general, T1 values of sera correlated with protein content of the sera; however, a disproportionate contribution of gamma-globulin protein on water proton relaxation times was observed in several cases.     

合成梨圆蚧性信息素主要组分的新路线

3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(1)是梨圆蚧性信息素的主要组分。报道的以乙酰乙酸乙酯和丙烯酸乙酯为原料的合成工作,路线太长。考虑到化合物(1)具有1,5-二羰基化合物的碳骨架,我们合成了2,6-庚二酮(2),并通过单保护及两步Wittig反应合成了化合物(1),合成路线如下:     

STUDY ON THE MODE OF PRIMARY CONTROL IN THE EGG OF GYNOGENETIC CRUCIAN CARP FOR INHIBITING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO TYPES OF SPERM NUCLEI

By comparing the different developmental characteristics of two types of sperm nucleiwhich were from gynogenetic fish (crucian carp) and amphimictic fishes (red carp, redgoldfish and sex--reversal red carp) respectively in the eggs of gynogenetic crucian carp, itwas preliminarily revealed that there existed selective inhibiting actions of the primarycontrol in the eggs of crucian carp for inhibiting the development of the two types of spermnuclei. To homologous sperms, the primary control showed weak effect, thus leading tothe decondensation of homologous sperm nuclei at different degrees in the eggs of cruciancarp. But to heterologous sperms, the primary control showed strong effects, resulting in thetotal inhibition of the development of heterologous sperm nuclei. Moreover, our experimentalresults also showed that the different developmental behavior of the two types of spermnuclei might have a great relationship to the changes or the sex ratio in the population ofgynogenetic crucian carp. The infiltr     

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF ETHYLENE CONTROL OF SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN Lagenaria siceraria

The sex expression of Lagenaria siceraria can be modified by phytohormones. This modification is related to "a certain bisexual stage" during floral bud differentiation. ACC (ethylene precursor) and STS (ethylene antagonist) can change the direction of sex differentiation of the floral buds in vitro. STS induces maleness by means of inhibiting ethylene action, directly promoting the development of the primordia of stamens, and then suppressing that of pistils. Hence, it can be deduced that ethylene induces femaleness by directly suppressing the development of the primordia of stamens and then promoting that of pistils. Such a regulation of the development of sexual organs is due to a change in the direction of assimilates to the pistils by ACC and to the stamens by STS. Therefore, ethylene induces femaleness by first limiting the sink strength of the stamens and then increasing that of the pistils.     

昆虫性信息素的固相合成

本综述阐明昆虫性信息素固相合成的最新成就。C.C.Leznoff 开创了昆虫性信息素的固相合成,并合成了一系列信息素。他以二醇为原料,以聚合物三苯甲基氯为保护剂。陈德恒等将保护剂改成聚合物三苯甲基氯硅烷,产率比前人有所提高。陈家威等大大改进了前两人的线路,简化了步骤,只抓住关键的一步进行固相合成,总产率比前人提高得更多。     

美国白蛾性信息素的合成研究进展

综述了自1982年美国白蛾性信息素被鉴定以来几种人工合成美国白蛾性信息素路线的最新进展，参考文献21篇。     

松毛虫性信息素共轭双键定位方法的研究

亲二烯体试剂4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑啉-3,5-二酮(MTAD)与共轭二烯成分形成衍生物,经气相色谱-质谱分析,衍生物质谱图中各种特征碎片离子简单、明显,可用于确定共轭双键在碳链中的位置。以鉴定云南松毛虫性信息素腺体成分的共轭双键位置为例,进一步探讨了反-5-,顺-7-十二碳二烯醇及相应的醛和乙酸酯与MTAD形成衍生物的化学反应特点及色谱分析中应注意的问题。     

Developing 13C NMR quantitative spectrometric data-activity relationship (QSDAR) models of steroid binding to the corticosteroid binding globulin

We have developed four quantitative spectrometric data-activity relationship (QSDAR) models for 30 steroids binding to corticosteroid binding globulin, based on comparative spectral analysis (CoSA) of simulated ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. A QSDAR model based on 3 spectral bins had an explained variance (r ²) of 0.80 and a cross-validated variance (q ²) of 0.78. Another QSDAR model using the 3 atoms from the comparative structurally assigned spectral analysis (CoSASA) of simulated ¹³C NMR on a steroid backbone template gave an explained variance (r ²) of 0.80 and a cross-validated variance (q ²) of 0.73. Positions 3 and 14 from the steroid backbone template have correlations with the relative binding activity to corticosteroid binding globulin that are greater than 0.52. The explained correlation and cross-validated correlation of these QSDAR models are as good as previously published quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), self-organizing map (SOM) and electrotopological state (E-state) models. One reason that the cross-validated variance of QSDAR models were as good as the other models is that simulated ¹³C NMR spectral data are more accurate than the errors introduced by the assumptions and approximations used in calculated electrostatic potentials, E-states, HE-states, and the molecular alignment process of QSAR modeling. The QSDAR models developed provide a rapid, simple way to predict the binding activity of a steroid to corticosteroid binding globulin.     

沙蚕科的性成熟及精卵发生

就沙蚕性成熟的调控机制、性信息素以及卵子发生、精子发生等方面进行了综述.关于性成熟的调控机制,分别从激素和M期的促进因子（MPF）来讨论沙蚕的性成熟的调控机制,目前认为激素对沙蚕性成熟具有重要影响,而且发育早期影响比较明显,而MPF则通过调控减数分裂来影响性成熟.沙蚕性信息素具有性别辨认和群浮同步性的作用,文中讨论了性信息素的主要成份以及功能.对于精卵的研究,分别就卵子发生、精子发生以及油细胞在卵子发生和精子发生中的作用来探讨沙蚕中的研究概况,通过已有的资料,综述精卵发生细胞学及显微结构.