天然高分子材料——杜仲胶的研究进展

概述了国内外有关杜仲胶的研究概况.首先介绍了杜仲胶的提取方法、分子结构及生物合成机理.接着介绍了杜仲胶结晶特性,如晶型的确定、制备方法及晶型之间的相互转化,结晶熔点及结晶焓,结晶速度及影响结晶速度的条件.然后重点介绍了本小组近年来有关杜仲胶应用方面的研究,如杜仲胶硫化三阶段,弹性临界转变规律,杜仲胶受温度控制的两个活跃...     

GC—TOF／MS及主成分投影法用于安息香膏的成分分析

利用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱,对安息香膏的挥发性成分进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对含量。利用在两种不同极性色谱柱上的比较试验,确定了适合安息香膏分析的色谱柱条件。在最适合安息香膏分离的色谱条件下对4种不同批次安息香膏的微差样品进行分析。通过质谱库检索,辅助英文版精油库（ES02006版）比对,解析并确定出精油中的24种组分,主要成分是苯甲酸苄酯（25．52％）、苯甲酸（23．12％）、乙基香兰素（14．93％）、苯甲醇（14．50％）、肉桂酸肉桂酯（13．41％）、肉桂酸苄酯（7．54％）等。用主成分投影分析法对4种微差样品进行分类区分,结果证明,用主成分分析法辅助GC—TOF／MS能较快速准确地对微差样品进行区分。该方法可用于安息香膏的产品开发及其品质控书1。     

Liquid-Crystalline Polyurethanes. 5. Polyurethanes Containing the Cholesterol Moiety in the Side Chain

In the preceding papers of this series, we reported the synthesis of liquid-crystalline polyurethanes containing mesomorphic moieties in the main chain and in side chains [1–4]. Liquid crystalline polymers with side groups containing the cholesterol moiety have also been studied [5, 6]. The main focus of attention has centered around the study of phase transitions of acrylic and methacrylic derivatives of cholesterol. This paper describes the synthesis of a new type of liquid-crystalline polyurethane containing the cholesterol moiety in side chains.     

EFFECT OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT UPON THE VISCOSITY OF POLYMER GUAR GUM SOLUTIONS

The reduced viscosity of polymer guar gum solutions containing a certain concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） was measured. It has been found that the Huggins coefficient kH of polymer solutions is very sensitive to the concentration of the surfactant, CSDBS, in solutions. If CSDBS is lower than CMC, the critical micelle concentration of SDBS, kH increases rapidly with CSDBS. On the other hand, if CSDBS is larger than CMC, kH decreases rapidly with CSDBS. Comparatively, the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solution does not show a notable change with CSDBS. The experimental results indicate that the interchain association of polymer guar gum in solution is greatly associated with SDBS interacted with polymer chains through hydrogen bonds. However, the effect of SDBS upon the intrachain association of polymer guar gum solution is negligible, presumably due to the fact that guar gum is a slightly stiffened random-coil chain polymer.     

Investigation on the Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Gum Acacia and Synergistic Surfactants Additives on Mild Steel in 0.1 M H2SO4

Adsorption and corrosion inhibition effect of gum acacia alone and in presence of surfactants sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on mild steel in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ in temperature range of 30 to 60°C was investigated using weight loss method, chemical analysis of solution, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and determination of thermodynamic parameters. Inhibiting action of gum acacia is synergistically enhanced on addition of small amount of surfactants. SEM and AFM results confirmed the existence of an adsorbed protective film on the mild steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters reveal that adsorption process is spontaneous and obey Freundlich adsorption isotherm.     

中国的枫香林

中国的枫香林被隶属于落叶阔叶林与常绿、落叶阔叶混交林两个植被型中。但是作为落叶阔叶林，它却不存在于暖温带落叶阔叶林区域。作为常绿、落叶阔叶混交林，它的主要分布区又不在北亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林地带，而是广泛分布于中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带和南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林地带。枫香属（Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒ）在中国有３种，组成森林的是权香树（Ｌ．ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎａ）与缺萼枫香（Ｌ．ａｃａｌｙｃｉｎａ），而以前一种分布较为普遍．极普林的种类组成复杂，共有植物达百种以上，其中乔木就有２０多种；在结构上明显的可以分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层。枫香林分布于北美和东亚。在东亚除中国外，尚见于朝鲜南部、日本、越南北部和老挝，它被认为是第三纪森林群落的残遗。     

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(itaconic acid) Grafted Gellan Gum

Poly(itaconic acid) was grafted on GG in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation using a catalytic amount of BPO. Grafted copolymers (GG-g-PIA) were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques. The influence of microwave power, exposure time, and composition of the reaction mixture on extent of grafting was studied. Conditions for obtaining the highest extent of grafting were optimized. The rate of grafting was determined from weight measurements. The overall activation energy for grafting is found to be to be 28.3 kJ/mol, indicating the possibility of occurrence of the grafting process with absorption of low thermal energy.     

Mechanism analysis of hydroxypropyl guar gum degradation in fracture flowback fluid by homogeneous sono-Fenton process

An effective hybrid system was applied as the first report for the successful treatment of key pollutants (hydroxypropyl guar gum, HPG) in fracturing flowback fluid, and the synergistic index of the hybrid system was 20.45. In this regard, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio was evaluated with various influencing operating factors including reaction time, H₂O₂ concentration, Fe²⁺ concentration, ultrasonic power, initial pH, and temperature. The optimal operating parameters by single-factor analysis method were: the pH of 3.0, the H₂O₂ concentration of 80 mM, the Fe²⁺ concentration of 5 mM, the ultrasonic power of 180 W, the ultrasonic frequency of 20–25 kHz, the temperature of 39 ℃, the reaction time of 30 min, and the COD removal rate reached 81.15 %, which was permissible to discharge surface water sources based on the environmental standards. A possible mechanism for HPG degradation and the generation of reactive species was proposed. Results of quenching tests showed that various impacts of the decomposition rate by addition of scavengers had followed the order of EDTA-2Na < BQ < t-BuOH, therefore OH radicals had a dominant role in destructing the HPG. Based on the kinetic study, it was concluded that Chan Kinetic Model was more appropriate to describe the degradation of HPG. Identification of intermediates by GC–MS showed that a wide range of recalcitrant compounds was removed and/or degraded into small molecular compounds effectively after treatment. Under the optimal conditions, the sono-Fenton system was used to treat the fracturing flowback fluid with the initial COD value of 675.21 mg/L, and the COD value decreased to 80.83 mg/L after 60 min treatment, which was in line with the marine sewage discharge standard. In conclusion, sono-Fenton system can be introduced as a successful advanced treatment process for the efficient remediation of fracture flowback fluid.