RP-HPLC法测定水体表层沉积物中的磺胺类与四环素类抗生素

建立了超声提取-固相萃取/反相高效液相色谱检测水体表层沉积物中磺胺类和四环素类抗生素含量的方法。沉积物样品经冷冻干燥后用甲醇-EDTA/McIlvaine缓冲液(1∶1)超声萃取,于40℃下氮气吹除提取液中有机溶剂后,过Poly-SeryHLB固相萃取小柱净化萃取,以ODS-PC18反相色谱柱、紫外检测器进行色谱分析。结果表明：7种磺胺类抗生素在0.025~0.5mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,3个加标水平下的回收率为71.4%~107.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为1.4%~5.2%,方法检出限(MDL)为0.07~0.29ng/g;3种四环素类抗生素在0.05~1mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2均大于0.999,3个加标水平下的回收率为62.2%~87.9%,RSD(n=3)为1.1%~4.6%,MDL为0.45~0.58ng/g。应用此方法对某城市湖泊及其引水河道表层沉积物进行检测,10种目标抗生素均被检出。该方法简单快速、精确可靠,适用于水体沉积物中磺胺类和四环素类抗生素的检测。     

波浪作用下黏性泥沙运动研究综述

淤泥质海岸泥沙运动活跃,泥沙淤积问题严重,直接关系到岸滩演变和海岸防护. 该文主要综合国内外有关研究成果,对淤泥质海岸黏性泥沙的流变特性,波浪与底泥之间的相互作用,波浪衰减以及波浪作用下的底泥质量输移作简要总结,供进一步研究参考.     

海底介质的声学特性研究

海底作为声波在水中传播的下边界,其声学特性对水中声场分布的影响巨大。在近60年的研究中,海底沉积物的声学特性建模研究已取得众多成果,然而这些成果还远远不能满足现代化水声技术发展的要求。文章从基本的海底结构组成出发,在海底地声建模的基础上揭示出声波与海底的作用关系。     

微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析沉积物中砷的形态

采用微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(LC-HG-AFS)联用技术分析了太湖沉积物中砷的形态[亚砷酸(As(III))、二甲基砷酸钠(DMA)、一甲基砷酸二钠(MMA)和砷酸As(V)]。测得沉积物中以无机砷为主,且以As(V)居多。选定以1mol/L的磷酸和0.1mol/L抗坏血酸为提取液,在微波辅助萃取(功率为60W,时间12min)下,萃取率达79.84%～91.57%,回收率在94.78%～107.6%之间。4种砷的形态在0～160μg/L之间时线性良好,检测限为0.6～2.3μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为1.62%～2.20%。方法具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点。     

振动对充填裂隙渗透率影响的实验研究

为了研究振动和充填泥沙的共同作用对裂隙岩石渗透率的影响,通过对裂隙试件在充填和振动后条件下的渗流实验,得到了频率和振幅与充填裂隙岩石渗透率的关系曲线。结果表明,充填泥沙后的相对渗透率低于充填前,最小降幅为10.19%,最大降幅为59.74%。在相同的振幅下,试件的相对渗透率随频率的增加都基本呈下降趋势;振动后的渗透率低于振动前的渗透率;充填试件在较大频率振动下,渗透率减小的更为显著。在相同的频率下,充填试件振动后的渗透率基本上都减小了,最小降幅为8.90%,最大降幅为51.23%;而未充填试件振动后的渗透率与振幅存在一定关系;相对渗透率与振幅的变化之间存在拐点,相对渗透率并没有随着振幅的增加而一直减小。     

The methylation of inorganic tin by humic materials in an aquatic environment

This paper presents a study of methylation of inorganic tin (SnCl₄·5H₂O) by humic materials (humic and fulvic acids) isolated from the sediment of Tianjin Harbor, Tianjin, China, and the effects of pH, salinity, and the concentration of inorganic tin on the production of methyltin were investigated. These humic materials could methylate inorganic tin, and the methyltin product was mainly monomethyltin. Low molecular weight compounds of the humus fraction (i.e. fulvic acid) were more active in the methylation, which could be facilitated by salinity and affected by pH.     

Determination of organotin compounds in marine sediments using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Organotin compounds, especially tributyltin, began to cause concern 10 years ago due to a high toxicity towards marine organisms. Several methods of analysing organotin compounds in various matrices have already been developed to determine organotin species simultaneously, but these are quite expensive as special equipment and specialized staff are needed. A simple screening method, which determines the organic tin compounds in the sediment, has therefore been developed and validated. The method can easily be implemented in laboratories accustomed to tracelement analyses; the sediment is extracted by a two-phase extraction and the organic extract is analysed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AA.) The screening method has been validated using high-pressure liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP MS).     

Determination of some selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Summary Analytical methods for the determination in environmental samples, of some selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's), which are included on the EPA Priority Pollutant list, have been developed and evaluated. The methodology involves the extraction of PAH's from water samples by solvent extraction with dichloromethane. Solid samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone/hexane and the extract was cleaned up on a silica gel/alumina column. The concentrated and cleaned up extracts were analysed by HPLC on a polymeric C₁₈ column using a gradient of acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase and fluorescence detection. Typical detection limits lie in the range of 1–30 ng ml^–1 of the analytes, but after sample pretreatment detection limits of 10–300 ng l^–1 were obtained. The extraction, clean-up and HPLC methodology was applied to the determination of selected PAH's in coal washings samples and the method was validated by the quantification of PAH's in a natural contaminated and a spiked sediment.     

MICROBE-INPUT CARBOXYLIC BIOMARKERS IN SALINE/HYPERSALINE SEDIMENTS FROM SALINE BASINS OF CHINA*

Carboxylic biomarkers in Saline lake sediments from the Jianghan basin(Hubei Province, China) and the Ejinor hypersaline lake (northern China) are studied. The origin, (?)ransformstion, and psleoecological significances of isoprenoid, triterpenoid and alkenoic acids in the extracted organic matter (EOM) are also discussed.An i-C_(17:6) isoprenoid fatty scid and two C_(31:0) homogammscersnoic fatty acid stereoisomers are detected in psleossline lake sediments. Homogammaceranoic acid might be an important precursor of gammscerane which is abundant in saline sediments. The i-C_(17:6) isoprenoid acid and homogammacersnoic acid might be the lipid components of some halophilic microorganisms such as archaeobacteria halophilus.     

自动消解仪—ICP法测定水系沉积物中6种重金属元素

建立了自动消解仪-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定水系沉积物中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Co六种元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数好、检出限低。方法经国家标准物质(GBW07361)验证,准确度和精密度均能达到环境监测分析的要求,为水系沉积物中重金属元素含量的测定提供了简单可靠的分析方法。