Study of Oxidation-Reduction Properties and NO-Donor Ability of Dienediamines in the Indole, Pyrrole, and Thiophene Series

We have conducted an electrochemical study of the oxidation-reduction properties of synthesized dienediamines: derivatives of indole, pyrrole, and thiophene. We have established that reduction of the indicated compounds occurs with successive transfer of two electrons, the first transfer being reversible. We consider the effect of structural factors and the nature of the heterocycle on the ease of reduction of the given compounds. We present the results of an initial study of the NO-donor ability of the compounds upon oxidation.     

A Traditional Scientific Perspective on the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness

This paper assesses two different theories for explaining consciousness, a phenomenon that is widely considered amenable to scientific investigation despite its puzzling subjective aspects. I focus on Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which says that consciousness is integrated information (as ϕ^Max) and says even simple systems with interacting parts possess some consciousness. First, I evaluate IIT on its own merits. Second, I compare it to a more traditionally derived theory called Neurobiological Naturalism (NN), which says consciousness is an evolved, emergent feature of complex brains. Comparing these theories is informative because it reveals strengths and weaknesses of each, thereby suggesting better ways to study consciousness in the future. IIT’s strengths are the reasonable axioms at its core; its strong logic and mathematical formalism; its creative “experience-first” approach to studying consciousness; the way it avoids the mind-body (“hard”) problem; its consistency with evolutionary theory; and its many scientifically testable predictions. The potential weakness of IIT is that it contains stretches of logic-based reasoning that were not checked against hard evidence when the theory was being constructed, whereas scientific arguments require such supporting evidence to keep the reasoning on course. This is less of a concern for the other theory, NN, because it incorporated evidence much earlier in its construction process. NN is a less mature theory than IIT, less formalized and quantitative, and less well tested. However, it has identified its own neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) and offers a roadmap through which these NNCs may answer the questions of consciousness using the hypothesize-test-hypothesize-test steps of the scientific method.     

Ability of the radial basis function approach to extrapolate nuclear mass

The ability of the radial basis function(RBF) approach to extrapolate the masses of nuclei in neutron-rich and superheavy regions is investigated in combination with the Duflo-Zuker(DZ31), Hartree–Fock-Bogoliubov(HFB27), finite-range droplet model(FRDM12) and Weizs?cker-Skyrme(WS4) mass models. It is found that when the RBF approach is employed with a simple linear basis function, different mass models have different performances in extrapolating nuclear masses in the same region, and a single mass model may have different performances when it is used to extrapolate nuclear masses in different regions. The WS4 and FRDM12 models(two macroscopic–microscopic mass models), combined with the RBF approach, may perform better when extrapolating the nuclear mass in the neutron-rich and superheavy regions.     

Adsorbing behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in the presence of the ester group in side chain

The effect of the ester group in side chain on adsorbing behavior and dispersion of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC) was studied by comparing the performance of two types of PC. The fluidity of cement paste was tested to discuss the dispersing ability and dispersing retention ability of PC. The total organic carbon analyzer was used to measure the adsorption amount, and the adsorption layer was obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and pH value were used to verify the stability of the ester group, and the electrokinetic properties of cement particle were confirmed using the zeta potential measurement. The results show that the ester group in side chain reduces the initial dispersing ability while it increases the dispersing retention ability. The dispersing retention ability depends on the increase of adsorption amount and adsorption layer in 5–60 minutes, and the greater increase leads to the better dispersing retention ability. The ester group can be decomposed to release carboxyl group to enhance the adsorbing ability of PC under the condition of cement hydration, which is the main reason for the greater increase of adsorption amount and adsorption layer and the improvement in dispersing retention ability. It suggests that grafting the ester group is a good way to enhance the dispersing retention ability.     

从“求圆截线平面问题”的研究谈学生能力的培养

对“求圆截线平面问题”作了深入研究,给出了四种解法,得到了与椭球面交线是圆的平面的充分必要条件,交线圆的中心和半径,并结合该问题谈了基础课教学中对学生能力的培养．     

Crystallization kinetics, glass transition kinetics, and thermal stability of Se70−xGa30Inx (x=5, 10, 15, and 20) semiconducting glasses

Crystallization and glass transition kinetics of Se_70−xGa₃₀In_x (x=5, 10, 15, and 20) semiconducting chalcogenide glasses were studied under non-isothermal condition using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). DSC thermograms of the samples were recorded at four different heating rates 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. The variation of the glass transition temperature (T_g) with the heating rate (β) was used to calculate the glass transition activation energy (E_t) using two different models. Meanwhile, the variation of the peak temperature of crystallization (T_p) with β was utilized to deduce the crystallization activation energy (E_c) using Kissinger, Augis-Bennet, and Takhor models. Results reveal that E_t decreases with increasing In content, while both T_g and E_c exhibit the opposite behavior, and the crystal growth occurs in one dimension. The variation of these thermal parameters with the average coordination number <Z> was also discussed, and the results were interpreted in terms of the type of bonding that In makes with Se. Assessment of thermal stability and glass forming ability (GFA) was carried out on the basis of some quantitative criteria and the results indicate that thermal stability is enhanced while the crystallization rate is reduced with the addition of In to Se-Ga glass.     

培养学生科学思维和创新能力的研究与实践——谈大学数学研究型教学

通过从一个导数值等式的证明谈起,探讨教师在课堂教学中如何根据教学内容创设能激起学生新异感的问题情景,启发和引导学生发散思考,类比、联想、猜想,探索和发现新问题并给出解答.使学生思维不断攀升,丰富教学内容,激发学生兴趣,培养学生科学思维方法和创新能力.     

Studies of Synergism in Binary Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Mixtures for Producing Low Interfacial Tensions at Oil/Water Interface

In order to study the synergism between alkybenzene sulfonate and alkybenzene sulfonate, five di-n-alkylbenzene sulfonates were used and the interfacial tensions of single sulfonates and their binary mixtures against a series of alkane homologues were measured. The effects of hydrophilic-lipophilic abilities of sulfonates and mixing ratio on synergism were discussed. It is revealed that the synergistic mechanism derives from the amelioration of the hydrophilic-lipophilic ability of the surfactant system, and the method to achieve synergism is adding the hydrophilic alkybenzene sulfonate to the lipophilic alkylbenzene sulfonate, and ultralow interfacial tensions can be obtained in proper mixing ratios. The results are useful for enhanced oil recovery.      

科技保险中项目投资损失保险投保比例优化决策

针对我国科技保险第二批推行险种--项目投资损失保险,以科技企业为研究主体,综合考虑其期望利润和科技风险(方差),构建了投保比例模型.在对武汉市迪源光电科技有限公司投保科技保险的具体案例中,运用线性不等式组的旋转算法进行求解,计算出企业在项目组合投资中如何优化各项投保比例,使其以最小的风险承担得到最大的期望利润.