石油防砂割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损性能研究

以直径为0.1～0.6 mm的石英砂为磨料,黏度为10 mPa·s的原油为携砂液,在自制的冲蚀磨损试验装置上研究了含砂原油对石油防砂割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损性能,采用LW200-4CS数码倒置金相显微镜观测了筛管缝口表面的冲蚀磨损形貌;利用曲线拟合方法建立了割缝筛管冲蚀磨损率与原油流速、砂粒直径、砂粒浓度、冲蚀角之间关系的数学模型.结果表明:筛管的冲蚀磨损率随含砂原油流速的增加而成指数关系增加;开始时随着原油中所携带砂粒直径和浓度的增加,筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,达到一定数值后砂粒直径和浓度再增加,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率反而降低;随着冲蚀角的增大,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,在冲蚀角为90°时达到最大,这种现象不同于塑性材料的冲蚀磨损机理;所建立的数学模型与试验结果较吻合.     

Investigation of Gas-Water-Sand Fluid Resistivity Property as Potential Application for Marine Gas Hydrate Production

The phase fraction measurement of gas-water-sand fluid in downhole is an important premise for safe and stable exploitation of natural gas hydrates, but the existing phase fraction measurement device for oil and natural gas exploitation can’t be directly applied to hydrate exploitation. In this work, the electrical resistivity properties of different gas-water-sand fluid were experimentally investigated using the multiphase flow loop and static solution experiments. The effect of gas phase fraction and gas bubbles distribution, sand fraction and sand particle size on the relative resistivity of the multiphase fluid were systematically studied. The measurement devices and operating parameters were also optimized. A novel combined resistivity method was developed, which demonstrated a good effect for the measurement of phase fractions of gas-water-sand fluid, and will have a good application potential in marine natural gas hydrates exploitation.     

PEN薄带在沙尘环境中磨粒磨损分形特征研究

选取聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)薄带在ATM自动取款机摩擦学系统中进行了沙尘磨粒磨损试验,利用表面形貌仪以一定时间间隔测量薄带磨损形貌,采用结构函数法考察磨损形貌的分形特征,并利用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理.结果表明:经过沙尘磨粒磨损的PEN薄带表面形貌表现出二重分形特征,沙尘粒子的犁沟和切削磨损及PEN材料的微观断裂是引起大尺度和小尺度区间分形特征的主要机理.     

沙尘大气电磁波多重散射及衰减

为了使干旱沙漠地区的电子系统能够全天候的工作, 必须开展沙尘大气的电磁波多重散射及衰减特性研究. 根据Mie理论、沙尘大气粒子尺寸分布和能见度的关系得到了电磁波沙尘大气传播衰减的计算方法, 计算了不同沙尘大气能见度的37 GHz电磁波的衰减, 与其他经验公式及文献中的实验结果进行比较, 文中方法得到的结果更接近于测量结果. 为了研究较低能见度沙尘暴中电磁波的传播特性, 需研究沙尘大气的多重散射效应. 应用Monte Carlo模拟方法, 在沙尘粒子为干燥和5%水含量时, 模拟了37 GHz和93 GHz电磁波在沙尘大气中传播时考虑多重散射效应的衰减, 并与基于Mie理论的计算结果进行比较, 结果显示, 在37 GHz时, 沙尘大气的多重散射对衰减的影响小, 在93 GHz时多重散射显著, 沙尘大气能见度越低, 多重散射的影响越显著. 粒子水含量增加使电磁波的衰减显著增大, 对多重散射的影响不明显. 因此, 在相同大气能见度下, 沙尘天气越干燥, 多重散射影响越大, 电磁波衰减减小越显著.     

The physics of Aeolian sand transport

We give a synthetic overview of the state of art of the physics of sand Aeolian transport. We first present the main ideas developed by Bagnold in the middle of the last century. We then review the recent experimental and theoretical advances made in the field and emphasize that the particle flow rate does not exhibit a cubic dependence with the air friction speed, as predicted by Bagnold, but a quadratic one. Finally, we list important open issues that remain.     

热塑性酚醛树脂覆膜砂的研究进展

综述了生产热塑性酚醛树脂覆膜砂的原材料 ,混砂工艺 ,再生砂和理论进展等 ,并提出今后覆膜砂的发展方向。     

蒸养混凝土早期强度影响因素研究

研究了在蒸汽养护条件下,粗细集料对混凝土早期强度的影响.试验结果表明：对C60塑性蒸养混凝土而言,当水灰比一定时,混凝土强度随砂率的增加而增加;混凝土强度一般随细集料细度模数的增加而增加;当砂率一定时,混凝土强度随粗集料最大粒径的减小而增加.     

沙摆实验误差分析

从实验误差理论角度，分析了沙摆重心变化引起的实验误差，结果表明由重心变化引起的误差相对于其它误差而言在实验中占主要地位．     

Fluidization behavior of oil-contaminated sand

Hydrodynamic behavior of oil-polluted particles of sand was investigated in transparent glass column. The onset of fluidization of sand beds increased with the oil content of the bed. An increase of cohesive forces related to the higher content of liquid (oil) caused deterioration of the quality of fluidization. An empirical correlation was developed to predict the dimensionless gas velocity that keeps the bed of sticky particles fluidized. Results of this work can be employed for the design of fluidized-bed remediation units for oil-polluted sands and soils. An erratum to this article is available at .