HTPB复合底排药压缩屈服应力模型研究

目前广泛应用于底排增程技术的 HTPB 复合底排药 (composite base bleed grain,CBBG) 是一种颗粒填充含能材料,战场环境中将承受冲击、温度等载荷作用. 为研究 HTPB CBBG 冲击压缩力学性能,进行了不同温度 (233$\sim$323 K) 和应变率 (1100$\sim$7900 s$^{-1}$) 下的分离式霍普金森压杆实验. 实验结果表明,各工况下,应力应变曲线均呈现屈服-$\!$-应变硬化特征,HTPB CBBG 保持高韧性. 提高应变率和降低温度均导致相同应变下的应力幅值上升,但温度较应变率对HTPB CBBG 冲击压缩力学性能的影响更为显著. 基于所研究温度范围高于 HTPB CBBG 玻璃化转变温度,通过将水平、垂直移位因子与温度的关系表示为 WLF 方程的形式,将时温等效原理引入协同模型,并计及内应力的应变率增强效应,提出了一种新的屈服应力模型.选取参考温度,利用水平、垂直移位因子-$\!$-温度曲线和屈服应力主曲线拟合模型参数.模型预测值与实验数据对比结果表明:该模型可准确表征 233$\sim$323 K 时 HTPB CBBG 屈服应力的双线性应变率相关性,明确了较低和较高应变率时,应变率效应分别主要由内应力和驱动力贡献.      

垂直旋转流场中单颗粒运动状态判别及受力分析

为研究单颗粒在旋转流场中的运动状态及受力情况,以毫米级球形颗粒为例,利用旋转流场颗粒运动装置,通过使用摄像机记录颗粒在流场中的运动轨迹以获取其运动参数,分析了不同转速和颗粒直径条件下颗粒的运动轨迹,拟合得到了颗粒运动状态判别公式以及颗粒运动轨迹公式,分析了颗粒在旋转流场中的受力情况。结果表明,颗粒在旋转流场平衡状态下运动状态主要分为两类,一类是未离开壁面保持静止,另一类是离开壁面保持稳定周向运动;颗粒进行周向运动的轨迹为椭圆形,并且圆心随着转速的增大靠近旋转中心,而随着粒径的增大靠近壁面;颗粒在旋转流场的运动过程中主要受到离心力和旋转科式力作用。     

Hydrogen Bonding in the Dimer and Monohydrate of 2-Adamantanol: A Test Case for Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Methods

Weakly-bound intermolecular clusters constitute reductionist physical models for non-covalent interactions. Here we report the observation of the monomer, the dimer and the monohydrate of 2-adamantanol, a secondary alcohol with a bulky ten-carbon aliphatic skeleton. The molecular species were generated in a supersonic jet expansion and characterized using broadband chirped-pulse microwave spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency region. Two different gauche-gauche O-H···O hydrogen-bonded isomers were observed for the dimer of 2-adamantanol, while a single isomer was observed for the monomer and the monohydrate. The experimental rotational parameters were compared with molecular orbital calculations using density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ), B2PLYP-D3(BJ), CAM-B3LYP-D3(BJ), ωB97XD), additionally providing energetic and electron density characterization. The shallow potential energy surface makes the dimer an interesting case study to benchmark dispersion-corrected computational methods and conformational search procedures.     

On the Nature of Functional Differentiation: The Role of Self-Organization with Constraints

The focus of this article is the self-organization of neural systems under constraints. In 2016, we proposed a theory for self-organization with constraints to clarify the neural mechanism of functional differentiation. As a typical application of the theory, we developed evolutionary reservoir computers that exhibit functional differentiation of neurons. Regarding the self-organized structure of neural systems, Warren McCulloch described the neural networks of the brain as being “heterarchical”, rather than hierarchical, in structure. Unlike the fixed boundary conditions in conventional self-organization theory, where stationary phenomena are the target for study, the neural networks of the brain change their functional structure via synaptic learning and neural differentiation to exhibit specific functions, thereby adapting to nonstationary environmental changes. Thus, the neural network structure is altered dynamically among possible network structures. We refer to such changes as a dynamic heterarchy. Through the dynamic changes of the network structure under constraints, such as physical, chemical, and informational factors, which act on the whole system, neural systems realize functional differentiation or functional parcellation. Based on the computation results of our model for functional differentiation, we propose hypotheses on the neuronal mechanism of functional differentiation. Finally, using the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Sprecher superposition theorem, which can be realized by a layered deep neural network, we propose a possible scenario of functional (including cell) differentiation.     

旋转双棱镜光束指向控制技术综述

旋转双棱镜系统通过两棱镜的共轴独立旋转改变光的传播方向,可用于调整光束或视轴指向。与传统的两轴、三轴式光电平台相比,基于旋转双棱镜设计的光束或视轴调整装置具有精度高、结构紧凑、动态性能好等优点,已成为传统光电平台的有益补充。本文分析了双棱镜系统的光束指向调整机制;介绍了国内外相关基础研究的热点问题,主要涉及光束转向机制、光束扫描模式、棱镜回转控制以及棱镜引起的光束变形、成像色差、成像畸变的研究。文中描述了该项技术的应用进展,给出了利用该项技术开发的典型产品以及该项技术在激光光束指向调整和目标搜索、识别与跟踪成像方面的应用。最后,探讨了旋转棱镜在扫描模式、光束质量、成像色差与畸变、回转控制等方面面临的技术难题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

原子与单模场相互作用中克尔效应与斯塔克效应的统一处理

处理了包含克尔效应和斯塔克效应的原子与场相互作用模型。由于在其有效哈密顿中作了旋转波近似，两种效应的影响可以归结为对原子与场失谐的改变，这种失谐变化依赖于一个系统的守恒量。研究表明，克尔效应和斯塔克效应在一定条件下是等价的。研究了当场的初态为宏观可区分量子迭加态时，光子的反聚束效应。探讨了在广义的克尔介质中原子与场相互作用模型的求解。     

激光陀螺中背向散射的研究

为了研究谐振腔形状变化对激光陀螺中背向散射的影响,基于矢量叠加理论,分析了激光陀螺背向散射源及其对总的背向散射的影响.根据背向散射对顺逆时针光的耦合作用,推导出了总的背向散射系数与顺逆时针旋转光光强的关系式.基于这一关系,设计实验,通过施加电压使谐振腔反射镜到不同位置来改变光腔形状变化,同时测量光强交流量的振幅,得到了总的背向散射系数的变化曲线.通过与仿真结果对比,验证了背向散射的矢量叠加理论.     

Superposition rules, lie theorem, and partial differential equations

A rigorous geometric proof of the Lie theorem on nonlinear superposition rules for solutions of nonautonomous ordinary differential equations is given filling in all the gaps present in the existing literature. The proof is based on an alternative but equivalent definition of a superposition rule: it is considered as a foliation with some suitable properties. The problem of uniqueness of the superposition function is solved, the key point being the codimension of the foliation constructed from the given Lie algebra of vector fields. Finally, as a more convincing argument supporting the use of this alternative definition of superposition rule, it is shown that this definition allows an immediate generalization of the Lie theorem for the case of systems of partial differential equations.     

The rotational anisotropies in the ferromagnetism/antiferromagnetism 1/ antiferromagnetism 2 exchange bias structures

The rotational anisotropies in the exchange bias structures of ferromagnetism/antiferromagnetism 1/antiferromagnetism 2 are studied in this paper. Based on the model, in which the antiferromagnetism is treated with an Ising mean field theory and the rotational anisotropy is assumed to be related to the field created by the moment induced on the antiferromagnetic layer next to the ferromagnetic layer, we can explain why in experiments for ferromagnetism (FM)/antiferromagntism 1 (AFM1)/antiferromagnetism 2 (AFM2) systems the thickness-dependent rotational anisotropy value is non-monotonic, i.e. it reaches a minimum for this system at a specific thickness of the first antiferromagnetic layer and exhibits oscillatory behaviour. In addition, we find that the temperature-dependent rotational anisotropy value is in good agreement with the experimental result.     

Rotational viscosity of a liquid crystal mixture: a fully atomistic molecular dynamics study

Fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 293, 303 and 313~K have been performed for the four-component liquid crystal mixture, E7, using the software package Material Studio. Order parameters and orientational time correlation functions (TCFs) were calculated from MD trajectories. The rotational viscosity coefficients (RVCs) of the mixture were calculated using the Nemtsov--Zakharov and Fialkowski methods based on statistical-mechanical approaches. Temperature dependences of RVC and density were discussed in detail. Reasonable agreement between the simulated and experimental values was found.