对称性和配合物的构型——Ⅱ.混合配体配合物

从库仑定律出发,采用最优化法,计算了MLaL_b′型配合物各种几何异构体的几何构型稳定化能。在计算中考虑了配体L、L′的相对电荷。 计算结果表明,对称性是决定构型的首要因素。具体构型与配体的相对电荷有关。 在若干配合物中,中心原子的dⁿ构型决定其构型的骨架。 配体对构型的作用也应予考虑。对共价性程度大的配合物,应考虑轨道重叠对构型的影响。     

The structure of metallomicelles

The morphology of micelles formed by two novel metallosurfactants has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS). The two surfactants both contain a dodecyl chain as the hydrophobic moiety, but differ in the structure of the head group. The surfactants are Cu(II) complexes of monopendant alcohol derivatives of a) the face-capping macrocycle 1,4,7-triazacyclanonane (tacn), and b) an analogue based upon the tetraazamacrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane. Here, neutron scattering has been used to study the overall size and shape of the surfactant micelles, in conjunction with X-ray scattering to locate the metal ions. For the 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-based surfactant, oblate micelles are observed, which are smaller to the prolate micelles formed by the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane analogue. The X-ray scattering analysis shows that the metal ions are distributed throughout the polar head-group region, rather than at a well-defined radius; this is in good agreement with the SANS-derived dimensions of the micelle. Indeed, the same model for micelle morphology can be used to fit both the SANS and SAXS data.     

Carbonyldinitrosyltris(fluorosulfato)tungstate(II) and ‐Molybdate(II) Anions: Synthesis,Spectroscopy, and Density Functional Theory Calculations

Carbonyldinitrosyltris(fluorosulfato)tungstate(II) and ‐molybdate‐(II) anions, [fac‐M(CO)(NO)₂(SO₃F)₃]^? (M=W, Mo), which are novel weakly coordinating anions that contain a metal carbonyl/nitrosyl moiety, have been generated in fluorosulfonic acid and completely characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry. ESI MS measurements performed for the first time on a superacidic solution system unambiguously reveal the formation of the monoanionic, mononuclear W and Mo complexes formulated as [M(CO)(NO)₂(SO₃F)₃]^? (M=W, Mo). Multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies at natural abundance and ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment clearly indicate the presence of one CO ligand, two equivalent NO ligands, and two types of nonequivalent SO₃F^? groups in a 2:1 ratio. The IR and Raman spectra reveal that the two equivalent NO ligands have a cis conformation, thus indicating a fac structure. Density functional calculations at the B3LYP level of theory predict that these anions have a singlet ground state (¹A′) with a C_s symmetry along with C–O and N–O vibrational frequencies that are in agreement with the experimental observations. Mulliken population analysis shows that the monovalent negative charge is dispersed on the bulky sphere, the surface of which is covered by all the negatively charged O and F atoms with charge densities much lower than SO₃F^?, suggesting that [fac‐M(CO)(NO)₂(SO₃F)₃]^? (M=W, Mo) are weakly nucleophilic and poorly coordinating anions.     

Copper(II) Complexes of ω‐Hydroxy‐Functionalized N‐Salicylidenehydrazides show pH‐Controlled Switching between Dicationic Dimers and Neutral One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers

New copper(II) complexes of the hydrazone ligands H₂salhyhb, H₂salhyhp, and H₂salhyhh, derived from salicylaldehyde and ω‐hydroxy carbonic acid hydrazides, have been synthesized and physically characterized. Two fundamental structures were found in solid state depending on the pH‐value of the reaction solution. Acidic conditions lead to the formation of the di‐μ‐phenoxo‐bridged dicationic complex dimers [{Cu(Hsalhyhb)}₂]²⁺ ( 1a ), [{Cu(Hsalhyhp)}₂]²⁺ ( 2a ), and [{Cu(Hsalhyhh)}₂]²⁺ ( 3a ), isolated as perchlorate salts. The dimeric complexes show strong antiferromagnetic coupling with J = ?399 ( 1a ), ?410 ( 2a ), and ?311 cm^?1 ( 3a ). Higher pH‐values resulted in the aggregation of neutral copper ligand fragments to the one‐dimensional coordination polymers [{Cu(salhyhb)}_n] ( 1b ), [{Cu(salhyhp)}_n] ( 2b ), and [{Cu(salhyhh)}_n] ( 3b ). 3b has been examined by means of X‐ray crystallography and represents the first example of a structurally characterized neutral copper(II) N‐salicylidenehydrazide complex without additional ligands. The magnetic interactions in the polymers are also antiferromagnetic with J = ?125 ( 1b ), ?136 ( 2b ), and ?148 cm^?1 ( 3b ), but strongly reduced compared to the corresponding dimeric complexes. The two basic structure types can be reversibly interconverted simply by pH‐control.     

Thermal Analysis of Fe(III) Complexes with Salicylaldehyde Semi-, Thiosemi- and S-methylisothiosemi-carbazones

The paper describes the results of differential thermal analysis of the octahedral Fe(III) complexes of the general formula [Fe(HLⁿ)₂]Cl and Fe(HL³)L³, as well as of the corresponding ligands H₂Lⁿ (H₂Lⁿ — tridentate salicylaldehyde semi thiosemi- and S-methylisothiosemi-carabazones with n=1, 2 and 3 respectively). The decomposition of the complexes involving sulphur-containing ligands (H₂L² and H₂L³) starts with sulphur elimination. In case of the complexes [Fe(HL²)]Cl and [Fe(HL³)]Cl sulphur evolves independently, whereas with Fe(HL³)L³ it is eliminated within the SCH₃ group. In the former case, sulphur elimination takes place at the same temperature for both complexes. The change in the coordination mode, being a consequence of the replacement of O by S, has no essential effect on thermal stability of the coordination polyhedron. The complexes involving ONN coordination, realized with the H₂L³ ligand, exhibit a comparatively highest thermal stability of the coordination polyhedron.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fracture mechanisms in rigid core-shell particle modified high performance epoxies

The fracture mechanisms of a high performance epoxy system modified with two types of preformed rigid core-shell particles (RCSP) were investigated. The use of the preformed RCSP anables the control of the dispersion of the toughener phase in the epoxy, which, in turn, allows the mechanical properties of the modified epoxy to be optimized. The toughening effect via the RCSP modification is found to be as good as that via the core-shell rubber modification. The moduli andT _g of these RCSP-modified epoxies are virtually unaltered via the RCSP modification, when compared with the neat epoxy resin equivalent. The toughening mechanisms in these toughened systems appear to be predominantly crack deflection, crack bifurcation, and microcracking. Approaches for effective toughening of high performance polymers via rigid polymers are discussed.     

pH-sensitive modulation of the second hydration sphere in lanthanide(III) tetraamide-DOTA complexes: a novel approach to smart MR contrast media

The lanthanide(III) complexes of three tetraamide DOTA bearing pyridyl, phenolic and hydroxypyridyl substituents have been studied by NMR, luminescence and cyclic voltammetry. The relaxivity profiles of the gadolinium complexes of the pyridyl and phenolic ligands were flat and essentially the same between pH 2 and 8. The hydroxypyridyl ligand, however, exhibited two regions of enhanced relaxivity. The small relaxivity enhancement (25 %) at lower pH (pH 2-4) has been attributed to an increase in the prototropic exchange of the coordinated water molecule while the slightly larger enhancement (84 %) at higher pH (pH 6-9) reflects deprotonation of the ligand amide protons. Deprotonation of the amides results in the formation of an intramolecular acid-base pair interaction with the phenolic protons and this, in turn, causes a highly organized second hydration sphere to come into effect, thereby increasing the relaxivity. The water relaxivity of the Gd(3+)-hydroxypyridyl complex is further enhanced upon binding to serum albumin.     

Synthesis and characterization of aluminum complexes of 2-pyrazol-1-yl-ethenolate ligands

The synthesis and the characterization of some new aluminum complexes with bidentate 2-pyrazol-1-yl-ethenolate ligands are described. 2-(3,5-Disubstituted pyrazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethanones, 1-PhC(O)CH₂-3,5-R₂C₃HN₂ (1a, R = Me; 1b, R = Bu^t), were prepared by solventless reaction of 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole or 3,5-di-tert-butyl pyrazole with PhC(O)CH₂Br. Reaction of 1a or 1b with (R¹ = Me, Et) yielded N,O-chelate alkylaluminum complexes (2a, R = R¹ = Me; 2b, R = Bu^t, R¹ = Me; 2c, R = Me, R¹ = Et). Compound 1a was readily lithiated with LiBuⁿ in thf or toluene to give lithiated species 3. Treatment of 3 with 0.5 equiv of MeAlCl₂ or AlCl₃ yielded five-coordinated aluminum complexes [XAl(OC(Ph)CH{(3,5-Me₂C₃HN₂)-1})₂] (4, X = Me; 5, X = Cl). Reaction of 5 with an equiv of LiHBEt₃ generated [Al(OC(Ph)CH{(3,5-Me₂C₃HN₂)-1})₃] (6). Complex 6 was also obtained by reaction of 3 with 1/3 equiv of AlCl₃. Treatment of 5 with 2 equiv of AlMe₃ yielded complex 2a, whereas with an equiv of AlMe₃ afforded a mixture of 2a and [Me(Cl)AlOC(Ph)CH{(3,5-Me₂C₃HN₂)-1}] (7). Compounds 1a, 1b, 2a-2c and 4-6 were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR and IR (for 1a and 1b) spectroscopy. The structures of complexes 2a and 5 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Both 2a and 5 are monomeric in the solid state. The coordination geometries of the aluminum atoms are a distorted tetrahedron for 2a or a distorted trigonal bipyramid for 5.     

Electrochemistry and complexation of Josiphos ligands

The oxidative electrochemistry of 11 chiral bis-phosphinoferrocene ligands, all within the Josiphos class of ligands, was examined in methylene chloride. The oxidation of these ligands displays multiple waves of varying chemical reversibility. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with the general formula [MCl₂(P-P)] (M = Pd or Pt; P-P = Josiphos) were prepared, characterized by NMR and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemistry simplifies greatly upon coordination of the Josiphos ligands. The X-ray structures of a palladium(II) and platinum(II) complex of the same Josiphos ligand are reported.     

Rigid-body dynamics in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble: a test on the accuracy and computational efficiency

We have developed a time-reversible rigid-body (rRB) molecular dynamics algorithm in the isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble. The algorithm is an extension of rigid-body dynamics [Matubayasi and Nakahara, J Chem Phys 1999, 110, 3291] to the NPT ensemble on the basis of non-Hamiltonian statistical mechanics [Martyna, G. J. et al., J Chem Phys 1994, 101, 4177]. A series of MD simulations of water as well as fully hydrated lipid bilayer systems have been undertaken to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. The rRB algorithm was shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art constraint-dynamics algorithm SHAKE/RATTLE/ROLL, with respect to computational efficiency. However, it was revealed that both algorithms produced accurate trajectories of molecules in the NPT as well as NVT ensembles, as long as a reasonably short time step was used. A couple of multiple time-step (MTS) integration schemes were also examined. The advantage of the rRB algorithm for computational efficiency increased when the MD simulation was carried out using MTS on parallel processing computer systems; total computer time for MTS-MD of a lipid bilayer using 64 processors was reduced by about 40% using rRB instead of SHAKE/RATTLE/ROLL.