格子玻尔兹曼方法概述：详尽的历史性文献及待探讨的理论问题

本文给出了详尽的格子玻尔兹曼方法的概述：包含其理论基础、起源、基本思想及主要特征,历史进展、重要的综述、著名书刊、应用及可用计算机代码,从而为从事有关研究的学生与研究人员提供了丰富的参考文献． 通过文献检索阅读, 揭示了以下有待探讨的理论问题： (a) 麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布(Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution)的建立只涉及稀薄气体的压力内能,但未考虑粘性应力的内能;(b) 三个守恒律无法从玻尔兹曼方程直接导出,必须借助外加的小参数展开完成,同时在守恒方程中无法引入外力及能源的贡献;(c) Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM)执行中,只更新流体的物质密度和平均速度,不更新其内能参数．由于在复杂流动中,流体的内能是时间及空间的函数,因此其理论是不完整的．以上揭示的理论问题是现有LBM方法不能有效地求解涉及高速及大压缩性引起内能剧烈变化的复杂流场的原因．作者给出一篇理论研究文章以回答揭示的理论问题．     

Review of DBS methods as a quantitative tool for anticancer drugs

An overview of published dried blood spot (DBS) methods for the quantitation of various classes of anticancer drugs from clinical and preclinical studies is presented. The increased reporting of DBS methods in the literature for quantitation of various classes of drugs is a testimony to their utility in bioanalytical applications. While DBS offers several advantages as compared with conventional wet sampling techniques, there remain a number of nuances that may impede the assay adaptability of DBS method in routine quantitative bioanalysis. This review covers several case studies of DBS application in the quantitation of anticancer drugs. Some perspectives are provided on the optimization of the DBS method with respect to the selection of DBS card, spot volume, hematocrit effect and other regular validation parameters, which are essential in quantitative bioanalysis. Some thoughts are provided on the existing gaps in the DBS method and possible remedial measure(s) to address such gaps. Although DBS methods have great potential, there is the need for a global consensus including regulatory support on the type of validation experiments to be performed to support quantitative data.     

加权残值法1986～1989国内外进展概况及展望

本文叙述了加权残值法于1986～1989年间国内外研究工作进展概况。分为1986年国内第二届加权残值法会议进展;1986年之后国内进展;1989年全国第三届加权残值法会议进展;国外权残法研究进展概况;加权残值法今后展望及未来研究课题等五部分。     

人工关节材料磨屑分离与表征的研究进展

人工关节长期磨损或离解产生的磨屑将引起一系列生物学反应,使关节假体产生无菌性松动进而影响人工关节置换术的长期疗效。研究人工关节假体运动过程中产生的磨屑形态、数量及其产生机理,对提高人工关节的耐磨性和使用寿命具有重要意义。本文中重点阐述人工关节材料磨屑分离与表征的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

盐岩储库区地面沉降预测与控制研究现状与展望

利用盐岩地层建设地下油气储库群已成为各国发展能源储备的重要方向,然而关于储库区地面沉降的研究至今仍处于探索阶段。由于地面沉降所造成的重大事故屡见不鲜,因此有必要集中力量研究盐岩库区地面沉降问题,为我国盐岩储库群的建设提供可靠的理论依据。本文主要从以下3个方面总结了近几十年来国内外学者在盐岩储库区地面沉降预测方面所做出的努力与成绩： （1）现场监测——法国、德国、美国先后建立了现场监测网络,获得了大量的长期监测数据;  （2）理论计算——我国学者于20世纪90年代末将随机介质理论引入到盐矿水溶开采地面沉降预测中,从而为储库区地面沉降预测提供了新的理论基础;  （3）数值模拟——欧洲学者利用FLAC2D 程序对盐岩储库区的地面稳定性进行了数值模拟,而我国学者则利用在新概率积分法的基础上建立起的预测模型成功进行了沉降预测模拟。此外,为了有效地控制库区地面变形,预留矿柱式水溶开采法在国外众多盐岩地下储库群建设中得以广泛应用。本文最后提出在后续研究中将重点着眼于地表变形随时间的发展过程,并对现有理论模型进行适当的修正以及利用现场实测数据进一步完善预测所需参数的选取方法,从而使预测结果更为准确可靠。     

Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanostructures: Tunable Morphology and Halide Composition

Inorganic halide perovskite (CsPbX₃) nanostructures have gained considerable interest in recent years owing to their enhanced stability and optoelectronic applications. Recent developments in the synthesis of nanostructures are reviewed. The impact of the precursor and ligand nature, temperature and growth time on the morphology and shape tuning of CsPbX₃ nanostructures is described in relation to their optical properties. The presynthetic and postsynthetic anion exchange strategies to retain pre‐existing crystal phase and shape are discussed in this minireview.     

Remote control grubbs catalysts that modulate ring-opening metathesis polymerizations

A broad range of stimuli, including light, heat, mechanical force, or changes in chemical potential, may be used to toggle Ru-based catalysts between multiple distinct states of activity. Catalysts with such features offer a means to temporally- and, in some cases, spatially-control a variety of polymerizations, and thus should facilitate access to synthetic macromolecular materials with tunable structures and properties. Due to the intrinsic versatility and robustness of the Grubbs-type catalyst platforms, numerous remotely controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerizations have been introduced. Herein, selected examples of stimuli-responsive catalysts that have been recently used for such purposes are surveyed and discussed. Perspectives on potential opportunities for development and growth as well as an outlook for the field are also provided. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2949–2960     

蛋白质组末端肽富集策略研究进展

蛋白质的末端不仅是蛋白质合成的起点和终点,更参与并调节蛋白质的各项生理功能。研究蛋白质的末端不仅对于蛋白质的结构和功能注释十分必要,还为揭示蛋白酶的作用机理提供重要信息。该文着重针对近年来蛋白质组末端肽富集策略方面取得的进展进行综述,并对蛋白质末端组学技术在蛋白酶作用底物和位点分析中的应用进行了概述。此外,还对蛋白质末端组学研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

Recent analytical applications of fluorinated hydrocarbon-based stationary phases in HPLC

Fluorocarbon stationary phases have taken great advances in recent years in liquid chromatography. Numerous studies to elucidate the retention mechanism have been undertaken that concluded the retention is driven by a multitude of factors, due to the presence of fluorine atoms in the molecule. Many applications in this domain have been described in the literature so far. Applications for other fields have also been published in various original papers for fluorocarbon silica.     

中学化学物质结构实物模型研究述评——基于近10年Journal of Chemical Education载文的研究

物质结构实物模型可以把微观现象宏观化、抽象事物具体化,提高学生的模型认知水平和建模能力。针对国内物质结构实物模型存在样式单一、成本较高等不足,基于近10年Journal of Chemical Education载文的研究,介绍了研究者开发的多种新颖、实用的实物模型。常见的思路和方法有利用生活中的材料拼接,或利用3D打印技术制作,甚至可以直接借助已有实物模型。这些方法以生活化的材料降低模型的制作成本,以模块化的设计给予学生创新的空间,以跨学科的理念发展学生的综合能力,以期为我国中学化学物质结构的教学及其研究提供借鉴和启示。