一种基于二氢吩嗪的三维共价有机框架的合成、结构与表征

二氢吩嗪衍生物由于其独特的氧化还原活性而备受关注. 本文先设计合成了一种含有二氢吩嗪基团的单体5,10-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-5,10-二氢吩嗪(M1), 再采用溶剂热法, 通过亚胺缩合反应制备了一种新型三维共价有机框架(3D COF, 3D-PN-2). 通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、 氮气吸附-脱附、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和固体碳核磁共振波谱(¹³C CP/MAS NMR)等表征方法, 并结合理论模拟对其结构信息进行了研究, 得出3D-PN-2是具有十一重穿插金刚石(dia)拓扑结构的3D COF. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征. 稳定性研究结果表明, 3D-PN-2具有较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性. 通过固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱研究了3D-PN-2的光吸收性能, 结果表明, 其在紫外和可见光区具有较宽的吸收范围(吸收边为 630 nm), 且具有较窄的能带间隙(2.11 eV). 通过循环伏安法研究了其氧化还原性能, 并计算得出其最高占有轨道能级(E_HOMO)为-4.50 eV, 最低空轨道能级(E_LUMO)为-2.39 eV.     

RDX分子内振动能量重分配的动力学研究

基于从头算分子动力学(Born-oppenheimer molecular dynamics, BOMD)模拟, 构建了环硝胺六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪(RDX)单分子不同振动模式之间的耦合矩阵, 并计算了在不同加载能量下从低频振动模式到高频振动模式的最优能量传输路径. 结果表明, RDX单分子中—NNO₂基团更有利于能量局域化, 振动模式v₃和v₄在从低频振动模式到高频振动模式的能量传输过程中扮演着重要角色. 通过对v₃和v₄两个振动模式的进一步分析发现, 加载能量的不同会导致RDX单分子能量传输路径的不同. 当加载能量较低时, RDX单分子倾向于从低频振动模式到中频振动模式再到高频振动模式的能量传输路径; 当加载能量较高时, 能量更倾向于从低频振动模式直接传输到高频振动模式上. 揭示了RDX分子内振动耦合能量转移的微观机制, 为进一步探索RDX将“机械能”转化为“化学能”的微观过程提供了理论基础.     

类水滑石材料在核废水处理领域的应用

核能已成为我国能源结构的重要组成部分, 但含放射性物质的废水所带来的危害不容忽视. 如何高效解决核废水污染问题迫在眉睫. 类水滑石材料是一类阴离子型粘土化合物, 因其层板组成及层间阴离子种类的可调控性、 较大的比表面积及粒径和形貌的可调控性等特点已在含放射性核素废水的处理中崭露头角. 本文主要阐述了类水滑石材料对废水中放射性核素的吸附行为及其作用机制, 探讨了存在的问题及可能的解决方法, 并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

基于硼酸酯的19F磁共振分子探针的设计合成及活体深组织活性氧物种的激活响应成像

活性氧簇(ROS), 如过氧化氢, 在生物体内的各种生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用. 生物体内活性氧簇水平的异常与多种疾病(炎症、 肿瘤和器官损伤等)密切相关, 使ROS监测成为研究和诊断这些疾病的重要工具. 目前, 实现活体内深组织中的活性氧簇成像仍然面临挑战. 本文设计并合成了一种响应型的¹⁹F磁共振成像(MRI)探针(Gd-DPBF), 并将其用于实现对活体内通用活性氧簇的检测和成像. 该探针由钆螯合物通过活性氧簇响应的芳香硼酸酯键与含氟砌块相连接构成. 体外和体内成像实验结果证实, 该探针可以实现在活体荷瘤小鼠中针对肿瘤中高表达的活性氧进行检测和成像, 展示了其在生物体内对活性氧簇相关生理过程进行深组织、 零生物背景成像方面的潜力.     

碳酸酐酶靶向探针的研究进展

碳酸酐酶作为一类在肿瘤中高表达的酶, 参与肿瘤组织中乏氧、 微酸性等环境的调节, 已成为肿瘤诊断与治疗的一类重要靶点. 本文简要概述了碳酸酐酶的生物学功能, 并总结了目前针对碳酸酐酶所构建的不同类型的分子探针, 以及其在肿瘤成像与治疗应用中的研究进展. 最后, 对靶向碳酸酐酶探针研究所面临的挑战和未来可能的研究方向进行了展望.     

Phosphoric-Acid Retention in High-Temperature Proton-Exchange Membranes

Great efforts have been conducted to develop high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) due to its features of enhanced electrocatalyst reactivity, simplified hydrothermal management system and high CO tolerance of catalysts, and remarkable progress has been achieved. However, the easy leaching of phosphoric acid (PA) from the membranes during operation limits its commercial scale-up in complicated environments. This concept here mainly focuses on the recent developments for mitigation of PA loss in PEMs. The probable mechanisms of PA loss are proposed. The approaches to improve PA retention for example via introduction of phosphonic acid by covalent bond, using ion-pairs interaction and siphoning effect, and blending with inorganic nanoparticles are described in detail. Among these strategies, the siphoning effect from the intrinsic microporous PEMs is the most efficient and enables the cell to operate flexibly within a broad temperature range. Therefore, this concept may provide new ideas for the scientists to retain PA, to improve the cell performance and expand the potential applications of PA doped PEMs at elevated humidity and wide temperature range.     

亲核性1,2-重排为何迁移基团的构型保持不变*

亲核性1,2-重排反应是有机化学的重要反应之一,重排中离去基团的离去和迁移基团的迁移步骤既可以是分步的,也可以是协同的,但是迁移基团的构型始终保持不变。本文用超共轭效应和反应过程中有机立体电子效应解释了此现象,掌握一般规律,希望能够从教学上便于教师讲授和学生学习理解。     

Effect of Long-Term Potato Starch Retention with Citric Acid on Its Properties

The present study aimed to determine changes in the properties of starch triggered by its long-lasting (1, 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days) retention with citric acid (5 g/100 g) at a temperature of 40 °C. The starch citrates obtained under laboratory conditions had a low degree of substitution, as confirmed via NMR and HPSEC analyses. The prolonging time of starch retention with citric acid at 40 °C contributed to its increased esterification degree (0.05–0.11 g/100 g), swelling power (30–38 g/g), and solubility in water (19–35%) as well as to decreased viscosity of the starch pastes. Starch heating with citric acid under the applied laboratory conditions did not affect the course of DSC thermal characteristics of starch pasting. The low-substituted starch citrates exhibited approximately 15% resistance to amylolysis.     

Dependence of the relative retention of organic compounds on the nature and pressure of the carrier gas and on the thickness of the PEG-20M film in the capillary column

The effects of the carrier gas nature and pressure on the relative retention values of organic compounds were studied using a series of capillary columns differing in the film thickness of the polar stationary phase (PEG-20M). Relative retention depends linearly on the carrier gas pressure. This dependence becomes more pronounced in the following order of carrier gases: helium < nitrogen < carbon dioxide. The limiting relative retention at a carrier gas pressure approaching zero rather than relative retention values measured experimentally (relative retention time, Kovats retention index,etc.) is an invariant characteristic of a compound subjected to chromatography. For the carrier gases studied, the limiting retention values almost does not depend on the nature of the carrier gas used. The limiting indicating the complex absorption-adsorption nature of these parameters. Dissolution of a carrier gas in the stationary liquid phase has an effect on the relative retention. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2177–2186, December, 1997.     

Gas-liquid chromatography of thioesters of perfluorocarboxylic acids 1. Characteristics of retention

Retention of thioesters of perfluoropentanoic acid C₄F₉C(O)SR was studied by GLC on packed and capillary columns using stationary phases SE-30, SKTFT-50X, XE-60, and Carbowax 20M. The retention indices of these compounds were calculated, and their relationship with the structure of the compounds and the conditions of the analysis were established. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii, Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 984–986, May, 1997.