国家自然科学基金工程热物理与能源利用学科研究方向与关键词修订

2021年国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部工程热物理与能源利用学科对学科代码下的研究方向和关键词进行了梳理和修订,调整了学科资助布局,合并了相近的研究方向,删除了不恰当的研究方向,增加了反映新趋势的研究方向,精炼了各研究方向下的关键词,使研究方向和关键词更加全面合理.通过本次修订进一步厘清了学科的内涵和外延,有利...     

逐树组合仿真检验建模分析——以河北津龙公司规划效应分析为例

中国以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展为理念,全面制定十三五发展规划,因此采用科学新方法对规划效应进行分析,是当前重要的研究内容.采用新建的逐树设撤关联数组合仿真检验建模法,对河北省津龙公司十二五、十三五发展规划效应进行定量仿真分析.建立了产、供、销、生物质资源转化、生物质能源开发、种养结合特色农产品生产9棵流率基本入树,建立了81个仿真方程,逐树设撤关联数组合仿真检验9棵入树可靠性后,建立系统动力学反馈仿真流图模型,进行规划发展参数调控效应仿真分析,基于仿真结果提出效应高的规划对策.     

基于网络图时间参数UTM算法的施工项目资源优化

资源优化是建设工程项目施工计划的一个重要内容.当施工计划某一时段资源用量大于资源限量时,就需调整工作计划重新满足资源限量条件,并使工期不变或延长最少.提出的施工进度计划网络图时间参数的UTM算法和"资源有限、工期最短"的资源优化算法,实现了利用计算机快速计算进行优化,并通过算例验证了算法的有效性.     

LOB中基于工期决定因素分析的资源均衡算法研究

资源均衡是重复性项目中的经典调度问题,本文提出一种新的基于平衡线法(line of balance,LOB)的资源均衡方法。首先,本文提出LOB中关键路线的确定方法,确定关键路线及关键工序类型。而后,本文分析项目总工期的决定因素,对不同类型关键工序的特性及其与总工期、资源调整之间的关系进行了研究,论证了在LOB的资源均衡问题中,由于逆关键工序、点关键工序这些特殊工序的存在,可以在保证项目总工期不变的前提下,通过同时调整关键工序和非关键工序实现资源优化。按照这一思路,论文设计了LOB中资源均衡的遗传算法。算例分析表明该资源均衡算法的优化性能。本文提出的资源均衡思路和算法能帮助项目计划人员拓展资源优化空间,达到更好的资源均衡效果。     

带有资源转移时间的RCPSP资源流模型及算法

本文在传统资源受限项目调度问题(resource-constrained project scheduling problem, RCPSP)中引入资源转移时间,为有效获得问题的最优解,采用资源流编码方式表示可行解,建立了带有资源转移时间的RCPSP资源流优化模型,目标为最小化项目工期。根据问题特征设计了改进的资源流重构邻域算子,分别设计了改进的禁忌搜索算法和贪心随机自适应禁忌搜索算法求解模型。数据实验结果表明,相较于现有文献中的方法,所提两种算法均可针对更多的项目实例求得最优解,并且得到最优解的时间更短,求解效率更高。此外,分析了算法在求解具有不同特征的项目实例时的性能,所得结果为项目经理结合项目特征评价算法适用性提供了指导。     

基于动态遗传算法的共享配送模式研究

针对传统配送中配送车辆装载率低、车辆数量多及配送成本高等问题,提出不同类型零售商资源共享的城市配送优化方法,并考虑配送中的车辆油耗与不确定需求等问题。以总配送成本最低为目标建立模型,利用基于动态参数的改进遗传算法对模型进行求解。最后,通过算例对共享配送模式与算法进行测试。结果表明,共享配送模式能够有效减低车辆数量、提高装载率及降低配送成本,同时改进遗传算法能够高效、准确对模型求解。     

The aggregate capacity of virtual resources – linear models

This article addresses resource modelling with a specific interest on capacity aggregation. The capacity of a resource with regard to d types of tasks is modelled by a simplex and by a cube in the d-dimensional space. The aggregate capacity model of a virtual resource, that is, of a pool of r resources, is the d-polytope provided by the Minkowski sum of the simplices and cubes modelling the resources. The parametric identification of the d-planes supporting the facets of the polytope is established for r?=?2 and linear simplifications are provided in the (r,?d) general case. Formulated as linear inequalities, the aggregate capacity models fit in with linear programming and quadratic programming optimization techniques.     

A note ‘On a single machine-scheduling problem with separated position and resource effects’

This note concerns the paper [Janiak A, Kovalyov MY, Lichtenstein M. On a single machine-scheduling problem with separated position and resource effects. Optimization; 2013. doi:10.1080/02331934.2013.804077], which presents an analysis, a counterexample and a pseudocode related with our proof of optimality for a resource allocation algorithm given in [Rudek A, Rudek R. A note on optimization in deteriorating systems using scheduling problems with the aging effect and resource allocation models. Comput. Math. Appl. 2011;62:1870–1878]. We show that the discussed analysis is based only on one part of our proof omitting its integral second part, which is the source of misunderstanding. The considered counterexample is applied for an algorithm, which was not the method presented in our paper, whereas our algorithm provides the correct result for the mentioned counterexample. The provided pseudocode of the resource allocation algorithm, which is presented as the correct method, is a pseudocode of the algorithm described in our paper. Therefore, we show that the results presented in our paper are correct.     

Resource allocation on condition of random resource demand of network activities

A general network model is considered. Each activity may require several storable and productive resources. Fixed amounts of storable resources are delivered at fixed times. The capacities of the productive resources are assumed to be constant. A general resource allocation problem is derived in order to optimize the cost for the execution of the network activities, In the main, the case is considered where the resource demands of the activities are random variables. For this case, the means of resource demands are estimated and a method is presented to obtain a vector of start times and durations of the activities so that a cost function is minimized and the probability that, at any time, there appears no lack of resources is maximized.     

利用计数统计模型方法评价大连星海公园旅游的经济价值

在非市场条件下如何评价旅游资源的经济价值是自然旅游公园管理工作中所面临的一个重要问题.正确地估计这类公园的旅游需求函数则是对其有效地进行经济价值评价的关键.由于旅游次数数据具有非负整数和截断的性质,使用传统的多元线性回归模型来估计旅游需求函数则会产生较大的偏差.因此。本文采用非线性最小二乘、截断泊松分布和截断负二项分布等计量经济学模型估计大连星海公园的旅游需求函数,以此来计算公园旅游的经济价值。