On the law of entropy increase of some cellular automata on Zd

We consider some time-reversible cellular automata on thed-dimensional integral latticeZ ^d and study their time evolution properties. We show first that a Boltzmann-type entropy can be defined which is not less than its initial value for initial States which have no spatial correlation. For monotonic increase of the entropies for such initial States we need an additional condition which we call renewality. Under the renewality condition entropy is monotonic nondecreasing. We give some examples of cellular automata which satisfy the renewality condition     

WAVEFORM RELAXATION METHODS AND ACCURACY INCREASE

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Cooling induced by parametric resonance in a magnetic quadrupole trap

It is demonstrated experimentally that the anharmonic property of the quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool trapped atoms by modulating the trap potential anisotropically.This cooling effect arises from the energy-selective removal of the most energetic trapped atoms and the thermal equilibrium of the remaining atoms.The frequency dependences of the temperature and the fraction of the atoms left in the trap after the modulation are explored.It is also demonstrated that the cooling induced by parametric resonance can also increase the phase space density of the trapped atoms.     

Laccase from Trametes versicolor

The enzyme laccase was produced by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor in repeated batches cultures with immobilized mycelium. Two different culture conditions were used. Enzymes produced were evaluated regarding their stability a thigh temperatures (55°C and 65°C) and at alkaline conditions (pH 7.0 and pH 8.0) having in view the application of these enzymes in biobleaching of hardwood Kraft pulp. Biobleaching experiments were divided in two parts, enzymatic prebleaching followed by chemical bleaching. In the enzymatic prebleaching the enzyme laccase was used at two conditions of pH and temperature, whereas the reaction time was fixed at 1h in all pretreatments. In the chemical bleaching the DEDED and DEpDED sequences were used. The enzyme action was evaluated by Kappa number, viscosity, and brightness at the end of bleaching sequences. There were obtained values of Kappa numbers lower than control assays, viscosities compatible with industrial pulps, and brightness higher than controls, when pulps were pretreated for 1 h with laccase at pH 8.0 and 55°C.     

Modification of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes with UV irradiation and hydrophilicity increasing agents

Hydrophobic polysulfone UF membranes were modified with UV irradiation and hydrophilicity increasing agents. The modifications were tested with 0.5% whey-protein solution and 0.05% lysozyme solution at pH 6 and with 0.05% bovine serum albumin solution at various pH values. UV irradiation increased flux and the hydrophilicity of the membranes. The flux increases obtained varied with pH and modification agents used and could be more than 400% compared to unmodified conditions without any loss in retention. The best retentions were obtained at pH values, where both the protein and the membrane had the same charge, and a strong electrostatic repulsion was obtained. The pores enlarged to fixed sizes, which depended on the sizes of the proteins and the range of double layer forces between proteins and membranes at different states of charge density.     

结构静态拓扑重分析的摄动-Pade逼近法

提出一种拓扑修改的静态重分析的方法．该方法将所有新增加的自由度分步、逐次得增加到原结构上．在每一子步中利用过渡矩阵得到摄动基，并对摄动基进行正交化处理来进行Pade逼近，得到的近似解作为下一子步的原始解．循环结束时得到修改结构的近似解．     

The mechanism of stiffness increase phenomenon of a rubbing disk

The phase characteristic of a disk rubbing with a ring supported elastically is investigated and used to explain the mechanism of stiffness increase phenomenon. As long as the rubbing is maintained, the averaged phase difference between the disk and the rotating mass on the disk is defi- nitely less than π/2. When the rubbing finishes, the phase difference quickly approaches to 7r. This behavior is inde- pendent of the physics parameters of the rubbing system. The theoretical results are qualitatively verified with experiments.     

Polarimetry group theory analysis in biological tissue phantoms by Mueller coherency matrix

The characterization of biological tissues by optical techniques provides several advantages over other techniques. Optical techniques enable to perform high resolution and contrast imaging, in a non-invasive way and with no-contact. Biological tissues are turbid media that strongly scatter light. The ultrastructure of some tissues makes them present a certain degree of anisotropy. Both scattering and anisotropy affect light polarization. Some pathologies alter these characteristics of the tissue. As a consequence polarized light can be used to extract additional information and achieve a better diagnosis.In this work, Group Theory is applied to analyse the polarization behavior of several samples. Firstly, the Mueller matrix for each sample is measured. Then, the Mueller Coherency matrix is obtained by means of the SU(4)-O + (6) homomorphism. Finally, the target decomposition theorem is applied by analyzing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and subsequently the different polarimetric effects are separated. In this way, the contrast of tissue imaging can be increased. This analysis is applied to biological tissue phantoms, which consisted on glucose suspensions of polystyrene spheres with different scatterer concentrations. Their behaviour can be modeled by means of single or multiple scattering depending on the concentration, either in the Rayleigh or Mie regimes. The same procedure could be used in a wide range of applications, like the study of cancerous cells that grow without control in cell cultures, or erythrocytes monitoring in anemia. The technique also has a great potential to be applied in Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT).     

Study on O-Terphenyl/Polystyrene Blends: How Plasticizer Affects the Glass Transition of Polystyrene?

The effect of plasticizer o-terphenyl on the glass transition of polystyrene was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from a new aspect. The peak areas of four conformation insensitive bands as a function of temperature were studied, these being assigned to the vibrational modes of main chain groups and side groups of polystyrene. It was shown that the reorientation relaxation temperature of the main chain around glass transition was lower than that of the side groups when polystyrene was plasticized by o-terphenyl. It was explained on the basis of cohesional entanglements of polystyrene chains. The reorientation relaxation region of the side groups was nearly the same as the macroscopically observable glass transition region of polystyrene, implying that the glass transition process of polystyrene was dominated by the reorientation of side groups.     

Hausdorff Measures and Capacities for Increase Times of Stable Processes

Let X be a real-valued stable process. It is known that X possesses increase times iff (X ₁ > 0) > ([1]). In that case, we specify the exact Hausdorff function of the set of increase times, and characterize the subsets of [0,+) which contain increase times in terms of their capacity.