Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953): Mendeleev's Protege,a Brilliant Scientist,and the Top Soviet Chemist of the Stalin Era

This Essay outlines the life path and scientific achievements of Nikolai Zelinsky to testify to his contributions to organic chemistry, catalysis, and petrochemistry. His legacy includes four name reactions (the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction, 1887; the Zelinsky–Stadnikov reaction, 1906; Zelinsky irreversible catalysis, 1911; the Zelinsky–Kazansky acetylene trimerization, 1924), pioneering contributions to the main oil-refining processes (thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, and oxidative regeneration of coked catalysts), the coal gas mask, Pd/C and other supported catalysts, and a very large scientific school.     

宝明页岩柴油碱性氮化物的梯度富集及GC-MS分析

利用溶剂萃取和柱色谱等技术浓缩分离新疆宝明页岩油柴油馏分中的碱性氮化物。以宝明页岩柴油为原料,经糠醛溶剂精制,初步得到富集碱性氮化物的抽出油。以抽出油为深度富集碱性氮化物的原料,采用柱色谱等分离方法,从抽出油中分离得到碱性氮化物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分别对富集的碱性氮化物进行官能团检测和定性、定量分析。结果表明:新疆宝明页岩油柴油馏分中的碱性氮化物经溶剂精制和柱色谱等分离方法梯度富集后,碱性氮化物的质量分数由抽出油的12.08%提高到最终产物的69.48%,并在富集分离的产物中鉴定出60种碱性氮化物,其中主要为苯胺类、喹啉类和吡啶类化合物,各占25.85%,23.56%和16.52%。     

Economic Benefits of Tracer Applications in Petroleum Refining

Radiotracer methodology applied to troubleshooting and process improvement provide substantial economic benefits in petroleum refining. The benefits derive from rapid identification of operating problems, reduction of unscheduled shutdowns or shorter downtime; and improvements in processing operations, operating efficiency, product quality and yield. The costs for performing tracer studies is small compared to the benefits obtained. Refinery examples are given and the benefits are expressed in dollars wherever possible. Wider use of this technology promises greater benefits throughout all industry.     

生物油酸性组分分离精制研究

生物油因水分含量高和呈酸性未能作为高品位能源直接规模化应用。利用分子蒸馏技术将生物油水分与酸性组分作为整体对象进行分离,既得到生物油酸性组分富集馏分,又获得了水分含量低、酸性较弱与热值较高的精制生物油Ⅰ（蒸馏重质馏分）与精制生物油Ⅱ（常温冷凝馏分）。同时,具体考察了精制前后生物油的pH值、热值和水分等参数的变化规律。研究表明,生物油的水分与酸性组分得到有效分离,精制生物油Ⅰ和Ⅱ的低级羧酸含量从原始生物油的18.85%分别降低至0.96%和2.2%     

炼油装置DCS计算机仿真培训系统软件设计

目前DCS计算机仿真已成为新建炼油装置岗位操作人员不可缺少的重要培训手段，镇海炼油化工股份有限公司180万吨/年的蜡油加氢脱硫和300万吨/年的柴油加氢精制联合装置的DCS计算机仿真培训系统是最近开发的DCS计算机领导 具培训软件，该系统不但具有仿真逼真度，培训功能强大，而且具有良好的稳定性和开放性的优点。本文针对该系统阐述了利用PSSPV1.5仿真平台开发的设计过程和系统主要功能。     

Impurity induced structural phase transformations in melt grown single crystals of lead iodide

Lead iodide is a wide‐band gap and highly resistive semiconductor considered to be a promising room temperature nuclear detector. The phenomenon of polytypism is posing interesting problems of phase transformations among its polytypic modifications and formation of polytypic admixture during growth due to native impurities. Transformations have also been observed even when the material is stored for few months that causes deterioration in functioning of the PbI₂ devices. Lead iodide has been purified and single crystals were grown using zone‐refining system. The observed phase transformations during growth and storage have been explained in the light of distortion of [PbI₆]^4‐ octahedron due to impurities present in the material and the known crystal structures of PbI₂. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

α型螺形映照精细的增长、掩盖定理及精细的展开式系数估计

本文考虑一般复Banach空间中单位球上和Cn中单位多圆柱上的正规化双全纯α(-π/2<α<π/2)型螺形映照f(其中x=0是f(x)-x的k+1阶零点),研究了它的构造,并得到其精细的增长、掩盖定理以及齐次展开式的精细估计．所得的结果包含了许多已知的结论．     

铝钛硼稀土中间合金的微观组织及其细化纯铝机制研究

采用氟盐与稀土铝水反应法制取Al5Ti4RE1B中间合金,对其进行物相、微观组织和细化效果分析,通过深入观察细化处理后晶粒形貌和微区成分分析对细化机制进行了研究。XRD及EDS分析显示RE和TiAl3结合生成了Ti2Al20RE相,细化试验表明Al5Ti4RE1B比Al5Ti1B具有更强的细化能力。微观组织及面扫描结果显示细化后的晶粒呈菊花状,在花瓣的不同位置存在RE和Ti分布的不均匀性,热处理后晶粒花瓣减少,成分也趋于均匀。这是由于Ti2Al20RE相在铝液中逐渐溶解并释放出RE和Ti原子,而-αAl晶体以枝晶的方式生长,同时将稀土原子排到枝晶间,最终形成了菊花状组织及元素分布的不均匀性。     

高速逆流色谱研究进展

综述了近年来高速逆流色谱（HSCCC）在分析、半制备和制备分离天然产物、蛋白质、抗生素、无机物等领域的研究和应用进展,总结了适用于HSCCC的溶剂体系,并展望了HSCCC与质谱联用、pH区带逆流色谱和离子对逆流色谱新技术的应用前景。