Electrophoretically driven SDS removal and protein fractionation in the shotgun analysis of membrane proteomes

SDS is mostly used to enhance the solubilization and extraction of membrane proteins due to its strong detergency and low cost. Nevertheless, SDS interferes with the subsequent procedures and needs to be removed from the samples. In this work, a special gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) system was developed to remove SDS from the SDS-solubilized protein samples. As a proof-of-principle experiment, the GGE system was designed to be composed of an agarose loading layer, six polyacrylamide fractionation layers with different concentrations and a high-concentration polyacrylamide sealing layer. The advantages of the GGE system are that it not only can electrophoretically remove SDS efficiently so that the protein loss resulted from the repeated gel washing after electrophoresis was avoided, but also can reduce the complexity of the sample, prevent the precipitation of proteins after loading and avoid the loss of proteins with low molecular weight during the electrophoresis. Using GGE system, about 85% of SDS in the sample and gel was electrophoretically removed and the proteins were fractionated. Compared with the two representative gel-based sample cleanup methods reported in literature, GGE-based strategy significantly improved the identification efficiency of proteins in terms of the number and coverage of the identified proteins.     

Modeling and numerical simulation of linear and nonlinear spacecraft attitude dynamics and gravity gradient moments: A comparative study

In this paper linear and nonlinear models of spacecraft attitude dynamics equations and gravity gradient moments are investigated. In addition, effects of gravity gradient moments on attitude dynamics of the satellite are studied. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between nonlinear and linear models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and gravity gradient moments in order to determine divergence of linear approximation from the nonlinear model. Simulation results indicate that designer of spacecraft attitude control subsystem should be meticulous in applying linear approximation of equations especially in low earth orbits. Consequently, finding an upper bound for small angle to keep the linear model valid and precise enough would be a vital part of using linear approximation. Results supported by numerical examples demonstrate various features of this study.     

Flexible incomplete Cholesky factorization with multi‐parameters to control the number of nonzero elements in preconditioners

An incomplete Cholesky (IC) factorization with multi‐parameters is presented. The marked virtue of the proposed IC factorization algorithm is to dynamically control the number of nonzero elements in each column of the IC factorization preconditioner L with the help of these involved parameters. Parameter setting strategies are also given. Numerical results show that the total computing time for both computation of the preconditioner L and iterative solution is evidently reduced for almost all test matrices. In general, these parameters can obviously enhance the effectiveness and performance of the IC factorization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with reduced surface electric field and improved breakdown voltage

A reduced surface electric field in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is investigated by employing a localized Mg-doped layer under the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) channel as an electric field shaping layer. The electric field strength around the gate edge is effectively relieved and the surface electric field is distributed evenly as compared with those of HEMTs with conventional source-connected field plate and double field plate structures with the same device physical dimensions. Compared with the HEMTs with conventional source-connected field plate and double field plate, the HEMT with Mg-doped layer also shows that the breakdown location shifts from the surface of the gate edge to the bulk Mg-doped layer edge. By optimizing both the length of Mg-doped layer, L_m, and the doping concentration, a 5.5 times and 3 times the reduction in the peak electric field near the drain side gate edge is observed as compared with those of the HEMTs with source-connected field plate structure and double field plate structure, respectively. In a device with V_GS=-5 V, L_m=1.5 μm, a peak Mg doping concentration of 8× 10¹⁷ cm^-3 and a drift region length of 10 μm, the breakdown voltage is observed to increase from 560 V in a conventional device without field plate structure to over 900 V without any area overhead penalty.     

基于线性互补模型的梯度塑性连续体无网格方法

对梯度塑性连续体提出了一个归结为线性互补问题的数值分析方法. 塑性乘子与位移均为主要未知变量,并采用基于移动最小二乘的无网格方法分别在积分点与节点上插值. 联立弱形式下的平衡方程与积分点上逐点满足的非局部本构方程和屈服准则可以导出一个线性互补问题,并通过Lexico-Lemke算法求解. 构造了一个基于N-R方法的迭代方案,使得不需要形成一致性切线刚度矩阵而仍保持二阶收敛性. 一维和二维的数值算例证明了所提出的方法处理由应变软化引起的应变局部化问题的有效性.      

硬岩中地下爆炸震源函数的数值模拟

利用一维球对称有限差分数值计算源程序模拟了硬岩中地下强爆炸的震源函数,给出了弹性半径处的位移、径向压力波形,得到了地下爆炸的折合位移势及其源频谱。相关计算结果与已有文献给出的结果一致。同时,对介质剪切强度与地下爆炸震源强度之间的关系进行了数值分析。研究结果可为硬岩中地下强爆炸地震耦合效应的计算提供参考。     

滤波截止频率对粗糙点接触机理影响研究

使用基于快速傅里叶变换和共轭梯度法的接触程序,分析了滤波截止频率对粗糙点接触机理的影响.计算结果表明:粗糙表面形貌数据再处理时使用的滤波器滤波截止频率,对力-接近量关系有着明显的影响;滤波截止频率越小,接触面积越大,接触压力越小;滤波截止频率的改变会导致Von M ises应力的显著改变,这种改变在接触面上特别明显.因此,在实际研究粗糙表面的接触机理时,选择合适的滤波截止频率是非常必要的.     

超声马达梯度涂层摩擦材料研究

超声马达摩擦材料应同时具有良好的摩擦学特性和一定的接触变形要求,目前所用单一均质结构摩擦材料较难满足这一要求,需要研制新型摩擦材料.本文从摩擦学的减摩结构模型反推出一种增摩结构模型,针对超声马达对摩擦材料的要求,提出梯度涂层摩擦材料的设计思想,采用表面黏涂法研制了一种具有梯度结构的涂层摩擦材料.利用超声马达模拟试验装置考察了涂层厚度对超声马达性能的影响,初步验证了模型的正确性.在本文的试验条件下,当涂层材料表层厚度为1mm,底层厚度为0.7mm左右时,超声马达具有较好的性能.与其它种类的摩擦材料相比较,梯度涂层摩擦材料可以满足超声马达的使用要求,可望提升超声马达的性能,具有良好的发展前景.     

轴对称弹性应变梯度理论公式推导及有限元实现

用张量运算推导了弹性应变梯度轴对称问题的基本公式.建立了应变梯度轴对称不协调元的弱连续条件,进一步建立了满足弱连续条件的应变梯度轴对称18-DOF三角形单元(BCIZ+ART9),其中BCIZ满足线性应变C0连续,用于计算应变ε;ART9满足常曲率C1弱连续,用于计算应变梯度η0数值结果表明该单元通过C0-1分片检验并能体现材料的尺度效应.     

基于ARM和CPLD的NMR谱仪前放控制设计

提出了一种基于ARM（Advanced RISC Machine,先进精简指令计算机）和CPLD（Complex Programmable Logic Device, 复杂可编程逻辑器件）的NMR（Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,核磁共振）谱仪前放控制系统设计方案. 该控制系统以ARM为控制核心、 CPLD为控制命令执行单元, 控制前置放大器和混频器的工作状态. 本电路包括以下主要功能：1) 前置放大器收发切换的门控信号电平转换;2) 氘梯度匀场时身频通道自动切换;3) 探头调谐的信息显示;4) 锁前放和混频器的配置. 该设计方案具有系统运行速度高、 控制灵活和成本低的优点,并且可以有效减小系统噪声,降低控制部件对前置放大器和混频器的干扰.