电沉积Ni-W梯度镀层及耐磨性研究

通过电沉积技术并调节镀液中镍钨离子配比浓度在铝合金基体表面制备了Ni-W梯度镀层,研究了镀层中W质量分数的变化对梯度镀层性能的影响.结果表明:所制备梯度镀层表面均匀平整,与基体结合良好,沿镀层生长方向W质量分数逐层增加;相比于Ni-W均质合金,Ni-W梯度镀层具有较低的摩擦系数,磨损形貌较为平整,表面剥落少,表现出较好的耐摩擦磨损性能.     

一种新的改进Canny图像边缘检测算法

针对传统的Canny算法在平滑滤波时对图像边缘检测的影响,以及需要预先设定高低阈值等缺点,本文提出了一种新的Canny边缘检测算法。首先采用自适应中值滤波对图像进行处理;其次,添加45°和135°方向的梯度模板来计算梯度幅值;最后,采用Otsu算法计算经梯度幅值运算得到图像的高低阈值。实验结果表明,该改进的Canny算法具有良好的抗噪性能,并且能精确的检测出边缘信息。     

离心-凝胶注模成型技术制备梯度碳纤维/HA复合材料

以经过低温氧化和提拉HA溶胶改性处理的碳纤维为增强体,采用离心-凝胶注模成型技术制备梯度碳纤维/HA复合材料.观察了碳纤维改性处理后的形貌,研究了碳纤维/HA浆料的特性,以及浆料的凝胶固化过程.分析了离心转数、碳纤维含量对梯度复合材料生坯密度梯度的影响.观察了烧结后梯度复合材料的显微组织,并测量了不同烧结温度和碳纤维分布的HA复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性.研究结果表明改性处理碳纤维表面形成一层致密的、结合性能较好的膜层,烧结后可以很好地连接基体和碳纤维.在pH =9,分散剂含量为5wt;,浆料固相含量为40wt;,碳纤维含量为2wt;时,碳纤维/HA浆料具有良好的分散性和稳定性.当催化剂和引发剂含量均为0.9wt;时,起始凝胶和终止固化时间与离心成型工艺相匹配.当离心转数为1000 r/min,碳纤维含量为2wt;时,离心-凝胶注模成型所得试样具有良好的密度梯度,1100℃烧结2h后,该复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大值101.7 MPa;断裂韧性为1.98 MPa·m1/2,分别比干压成型制备的均匀碳纤维/HA复合材料提高了29.7;和25.3;.     

切塔耶夫型非完整系统的广义梯度表示

非定常非完整力学系统的稳定性研究是重要而又困难的问题,直接从微分方程出发来构造李雅普诺夫函数往往很难实现.本文给出了一种间接方法.提出了10类广义梯度系统的定义,并分别给出了10类广义梯度系统的微分方程.进一步研究一般切塔耶夫型非完整系统的广义梯度表示,给出该系统分别成为这10类广义梯度系统的条件,从而将切塔耶夫型非完整系统化成各类广义梯度系统.最后利用广义梯度系统的性质来研究切塔耶夫型非完整系统零解的稳定性.这种方法在直接构造李雅普诺夫函数发生困难时,显得更为有效.举例说明结果的应用.     

Effect of quadratic pressure gradient term on a one-dimensional moving boundary problem based on modified Darcy’s law

A relatively high formation pressure gradient can exist in seepage flow in low-permeable porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, and a significant error may then be caused in the model computation by neglecting the quadratic pressure gradient term in the governing equations. Based on these concerns, in consideration of the quadratic pressure gradient term, a basic moving boundary model is constructed for a one-dimensional seepage flow problem with a threshold pressure gradient. Owing to a strong nonlinearity and the existing moving boundary in the mathematical model, a corresponding numerical solution method is presented. First, a spatial coordinate transformation method is adopted in order to transform the system of partial differential equations with moving boundary conditions into a closed system with fixed boundary conditions; then the solution can be stably numerically obtained by a fully implicit finite-difference method. The validity of the numerical method is verified by a published exact analytical solution. Furthermore, to compare with Darcy’s flow problem, the exact analytical solution for the case of Darcy’s flow considering the quadratic pressure gradient term is also derived by an inverse Laplace transform. A comparison of these model solutions leads to the conclusion that such moving boundary problems must incorporate the quadratic pressure gradient term in their governing equations; the sensitive effects of the quadratic pressure gradient term tend to diminish, with the dimensionless threshold pressure gradient increasing for the one-dimensional problem.     

有限元方法中的光滑积分伪弱形式

提出了一种光滑积分伪弱形式,将光滑积分拓展至被积函数非偏导项求解。结合光滑应变技术和伪弱形式,可实现有限元系统方程统一光滑积分求解,即对刚度矩阵和质量矩阵中的应变矩阵和形函数矩阵均可进行光滑积分处理,并转化为光滑子域的边界积分。光滑积分伪弱形式与光滑应变技术比较,增加了形函数矩阵不定积分处理过程,且没有降低有限元求解对形函数连续性的要求。不过,伪弱形式改变了单元积分的求解形式,连续质量矩阵求解也无需坐标映射和雅可比矩阵计算。以轴对称二维问题为研究对象,结果表明极度不规则三角形和四边形单元光滑积分伪弱形式在静态和动态有限元方程求解中也具有很好的精度。     

Near-wall damping in model predictions of separated flows

Different near-wall scalings are reviewed by the use of data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of attached and separated adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. The turbulent boundary layer equation is analysed in order to extend the validity of existing wall damping functions to turbulent boundary layers under severe adverse pressure gradients. A proposed near-wall scaling is based on local quantities and the wall distance, which makes it applicable for general computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. It was found to have a similar behaviour as the pressure-gradient corrected analytical y^* scaling and avoids the inconsistencies present in the y⁺ scaling. The performance of the model is illustrated by model computations using explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models with near-wall damping based on different scalings.     

Polarization-insensitive unidirectional spoof surface plasmon polaritons coupling by gradient metasurface

A polarization-insensitive unidirectional spoof surface plasmon polariton(SPP) coupler mediated by a gradient metasurface is proposed. The field distributions and average Poynting vector of the coupled spoof SPPs are analyzed. The simulated and experimental results support the theoretical analysis and indicate that the designed gradient metasurface can couple both the parallel-polarized and normally-polarized incident waves to the spoof SPPs propagating in the same direction at about 5 GHz.     

Proton Emission——-Recent Results and Future Prospects

Considerable progress has been made in the study of proton-emitting nuclei since the first observation of direct proton emission nearly half a century ago. This has led to improvements in our understanding of this rare decay process and provided invaluable nuclear structure data far from the valley of beta stability. This paper reviews the implications of some recent results for exotic iridium, rhenium and tantalum isotopes and considers prospects for future experimental studies of proton-emitting nuclei located at and above the N =82 neutron shell closure.     

特低渗透油藏面积井网见水时间计算

特低渗透油藏在水驱开发过程中常表现出渗透率各向异性和流体非达西渗流特征,运用非达西渗流公式及流线积分法,得到特低渗透油藏五点井网、反九点井网和菱形反九点井网在油水两相非活塞式驱替条件下的油井见水时间.计算长庆鄂尔多斯盆地某特低渗透油藏井网见水时间,结果与实际动态符合较好.分析油水黏度比、渗透率各向异性及启动压力梯度对油井见水时间的影响,结果表明：油水黏度比越大,油井的见水时间越早;当菱形反九点井网长轴方向井距与短轴方向井距之比与渗透率各向异性强度大致相等时,长轴方向与短轴方向上的角井能实现均衡驱替;启动压力梯度延缓了油井的见水时间,且生产井距越大,启动压力梯度的影响越显著.