Property improvement of pulsed laser deposited boron carbide films by pulse shortening

Growth characteristics and surface morphology of boron carbide films fabricated by ablating a B₄C target in high vacuum with a traditional KrF excimer laser and a high brightness hybrid dye/excimer laser system emitting at the same wavelength while delivering 700 fs pulses are compared. The ultrashort pulse processing is highly effective. Energy densities between 0.25 and 2 J cm⁻² result in apparent growth rates ranging from 0.017 to 0.085 nm/pulse. Ablation with nanosecond pulses of one order of magnitude higher energy densities yields smaller growth rates, the figures increase from 0.002 to 0.016 nm/pulse within the 2-14.3 J cm⁻² fluence window. 2D thickness maps derived from variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry reveal that, when ablating with sub-ps pulses, the spot size rather than the energy density determines both the deposition rate and the angular distribution of film material. Pulse shortening leads to significant improvement in surface morphology, as well. While droplets with number densities ranging from 1 × 10⁴ to 7 × 10⁴ mm⁻² deteriorate the surface of the films deposited by the KrF excimer laser, sub-ps pulses produce practically droplet-free films. The absence of droplets has also a beneficial effect on the stoichiometry and homogeneity of the films fabricated by ultrashort pulses.     

A simple model to extract hyperfine interaction distributions from Mössbauer spectra

The general problem of finding a distribution in hyperfine interaction parameters from experimental Mössbauer spectra is outlined. Existing methods may lack flexibility to be easily applicable to simple problems. A line shape for hyperfine parameter distributions is given, which is based on linear segments in the probability function. This method is applied in the analysis of samples containing iron in a silicate glass.     

Semiconvergence in distribution of random closed sets with application to random optimization problems

The paper considers upper semicontinuous behavior in distribution of sequences of random closed sets. Semiconvergence in distribution will be described via convergence in distribution of random variables with values in a suitable topological space. Convergence statements for suitable functions of random sets are proved and the results are employed to derive stability statements for random optimization problems where the objective function and the constraint set are approximated simultaneously. The author is grateful to two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions.     

沪深股市相关结构分析研究

在金融市场风险分析中,对金融资产相关结构的讨论有着重要意义,从而引出对如何选取好的相关结构模型来捕捉金融资产间的相关变化规律的讨论。针对这一问题,我们用混合相关结构函数Copula对上海、深圳股票市场进行了相关分析研究,用极值分布刻画了每支股票的边缘分布,用两步估计法对Copula中的参数进行了估计。分析结果表明:混合Copula相关结构能够捕捉金融市场间相关性变化规律,比单个Copula相关结构更灵活,更能全面地反映市场间非对称变化的相关程度和模式,此方法还可以推广到对多种金融资产收益率进行相关性分析。     

NA序列下经验分布函数的渐近正态性及其应用

本文在NA负相协序列下利用熟知的相依情形的大小块分割的方法,建立了经验分布函数的渐近正态性．作为在可靠性中的应用,得到了生存函数■(x)=P(X＞x)估计的渐近正态性．     

一类二元相关威布尔分布的可靠性问题

本文考虑生存函数为${\ol{F}(x_{1},x_{2})}=\exp\{-[(x_{1}^{1/\alpha}/\theta_{1})^{1/\delta}+(x_{2}^{1/\alpha}/\theta_{2})^{1/\delta}]^{\delta}\},\;x_{i}>0,\;\alpha>0$, $1\geq\delta>0,\;\theta_{i}>0\;(i=1,2)$的二元威布尔分布的两种可靠性问题, 提出可靠度$\pr$的估计并讨论了它们的渐近性, 最后还作了模拟计算.     

高固体分羟基丙烯酸树脂的合成

以过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）／过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）（质量比为2：3）为复合引发剂，二甲苯为溶剂，选用适量含羟基单体和分子量调节剂，以减缓树脂合成聚合反应中的自动加速现象，合成了分子量为3000-4000，多分散性指数d〈2的高固体分羟基丙烯酸树脂．该树脂与缩二脲多异氰酸酯（HDI）的配漆实验证明，所得漆膜鲜映性好、丰满度高、色泽好、雾影值低、综合性能较好．     

Effects of trapped electrons on the line shape in emission Mössbauer spectra

To explain line broadening in emission Mössbauer spectra as compared to the corresponding absorber measurements, the model of trapped electrons has been proposed. Auger electrons (emitted, e.g. after electron capture by ⁵⁷Co or after the converted isomeric transition of ^119mSn), as well as secondary electrons, may be trapped in the proximity to the nucleogenic ion. Electrons captured by lattice traps at different distances from the daughter ion induce an asymmetric distribution of quadrupole splitting in the resulting emission spectra, as shown in a few examples. This model is supported by estimates of quadrupole splitting values which may be caused by such trapped electrons located at specified distances from the nucleogenic atom.     

Classical, phenomenological analysis of the kinetics of reactions at the gas-exposed surface of mixed ionic electronic conductors

The kinetics of reactions occurring at the gas-exposed surfaces of charged mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs) are examined from theoretical first principles. Analysis based on the classical electrochemical potential-transition state theory model reveals that the nature of the reactions is electrochemical in general. However, the influence of the surface potential on the reaction rate is opposite for adsorption and incorporation reactions. Two-dimensional finite volume models of an MIEC as working electrode in a half-cell configuration are presented. The results for a simple, two-step reduction process show that the effect of the surface potential on the rate of reactions is minimal for incorporation-limited reactions but more influential for adsorption-limited reactions. An erratum to this article is available at .     

q变形对相干态的相位概率分布特性

通过推广Pegg和Barnett的相位算符和相位态到q变形的双模情况, 应用数值计算 研究了q变形对相干态的相位概率分布特性. 结果表明, q变形对相干态的相位概率分布受到相位参数、q参数和参数│ξ│的调节, 从而反映出不同的量子相干特性.