The assessment of the information quality with the aid of multiple criteria analysis

The virtual business work flow depends on the information quality (IQ) which is essential attribute of information. The IQ depends strongly on organization of the information system (IS) and how the information is processed. In our approach we incorporate the four-aspect representation of IQ: (1) intrinsic, (2) contextual, (3) representational, and (4) accessibility. These four-aspects are divided into several criteria at the next level of hierarchy. The weights, representing the relative importance of criteria, have been assessed by pair-wise comparisons made by group of experts. Based on discussion with experts, six alternative strategies, that could be used for improving the IQ, were designed. For each given criterion, the group of subjects revealed the opinion about the level of achievement of every alternative. The set of scores, assigned to the alternative by different subjects, formed the discrete distribution that is used for a comparison of alternatives with the aid of stochastic dominances. In analogy to the Electre I methodology, the simple algorithm for the aggregate evaluation of analyzed alternatives was proposed. The benefits of proposed approach were demonstrated in a case study of the semiconductor industry. The results of our study suggest, that in case of matured company, the external strategies, that point out to the information exchange and strategic networked alliance with customers and suppliers, are preferred to the internal ones. The latter ones might be of greater importance for the new set up or for a young company.     

Modified polysaccharides for use in enhanced oil recovery applications

Aqueous solutions of a charged hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HM-HEC(−)) exhibit high viscosities even at low polymer concentrations (0.2 wt%), which is an interesting feature in connection with enhanced oil recovery. This polymer was synthesized for this work. Effects of temperature and addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on the viscosity properties of a semidilute solution of HM-HEC(−) are examined. The results for the HM-HEC(−)/SDS system disclose strong interactions between HM-HEC(−) and SDS at low level of SDS addition, and this leads to a significant viscosification of the polymer-surfactant mixture. At higher surfactant concentrations the association complexes are disrupted. A strong temperature effect of the viscosity is observed at moderate levels of SDS addition, with lower values of the viscosity at elevated temperatures because of enhanced polymer chain mobility that breaks up the associations. Addition of HP-β-CD monomers to the HM-HEC(−) solution generates decoupling of associations via inclusion complex formation with the polymer hydrophobic tails and the viscosity decreases. By using temperature and addition of these co-solutes, it is demonstrated that the viscosity of the polymer solution can be tuned over a large range of viscosity values.     

关于C题四个质量指标之间关系的研究

对C题四个指标数据之间数量关系进行多角度的探讨,获得一些较好的结果.     

A note on price and quality competition between asymmetric firms

This paper analyzes the impact of asymmetry between firms on the outcome of price and quality competition from a microeconomic viewpoint. Consumers purchase a product based on not only its price but also its quality level; therefore, two firms compete in determining their prices and quality levels to maximize their profits. The asymmetry arises from the difference in consumers’ loyalty to each firm; that asymmetry then determines a character of differentiation between firms. Our purpose is to show how asymmetry influences competition under varying consumers’ price- and quality-sensitivity. In doing so, we extend earlier work in the area of price and quality competition. We show that in both the moderately quality-sensitive and price-sensitive markets, higher consumers’ sensitivity as well as lower consumers’ loyalty to any firm leads to intense competition, resulting in a decrease of both firms’ equilibrium profits. On the other hand, in highly quality-sensitive market, asymmetry compels the smaller firm to change its competitive strategy. In general, this is more beneficial to the larger firm, as the smaller firm’s profit tends to decline. In the worst case, the smaller firm is driven out of business under equilibrium.     

Effective Bandwidths and Performance Bounds in High-Speed Communication Systems

This paper is concerned with quality of service guarantees in an environment with bursty traffic streams, such as those in the emerging ATM-based broadband ISDN.⁴ For virtually any traffic stream, new performance bounds are obtained in terms of effective bandwidths and burstiness constraints. The new bounds are tighter than those previously available and are asymptotically achievable, potentially resulting in better performance when used in traffic management. Various performance measures are considered. It is shown that the effective bandwidth of a departing traffic is bounded by that of the incoming traffic. For traffic streams having independent increments and Markov-modulated processes, the bounds are further refined to a point close to the exact values in some cases. Computationally, evaluation of the bounds requires less effort than finding effective bandwidths and burstiness constraints. Finally, the bounds are applied to routing control to find the near-optimal probabilistic routing policy.     

直接灰吹法测定金泥中金和银的研究

通过对铅捕集贵金属原理的研究,首次提出铅覆盖再次富集的概念,建立了高品位金泥中金、银的检测方法。以经典火试金法测得的金银含量为准确值,计算金泥直接灰吹对金银的回收率,探讨了铅箔用量、称样量、灰吹温度和铅箔覆盖方式对金银回收率的影响,获得了高品位金泥直接灰吹的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,对氰化-置换得到的高品位金泥进行直接灰吹法与火试金方法对比试验,结果显示直接灰吹法的分析结果与火试金重量法结果相吻合。 金的回收率为99.84-100.12%,RSD≤0.10%(n=6),银的回收率为99.41-100.66,RSD≤0.40%(n=6)。该方法操作简便、快捷准确,劳动强度低,有很好的适用性。     

非相干光纤组束激光的光束质量分析

为了提高非相干光纤组束激光的光束质量,对影响光束质量的诸参数进行了分析。理论分析和数值计算结果表明,离焦量ε、透镜焦距f、组束阵列宽度W以及由光栅引入的角偏移θ_B是影响组束激光光束质量的重要因素。提出了一种采用双光栅组束结构抑制角偏移θ_B的方法。该结构仅适用于远场发散角θ_0与θ_B量级相当的情况。     

Application of nonlinear optimization to water quality

Two formulations for nonlinear optimization (minimize variance and fractile programming formulations) are presented for the solution of water quality planning problems. The optimization algorithms are applied to the problem of determining the optimal waste removal to mitigate the deleterious impacts of the waste discharges on the dissolved oxygen concentration in a water body. The pollutant loading and transport in the stream are considered as random variables with the first two moments of the resulting distributions included in the models.     

基于光谱分析的紫外水质检测技术

提供了一种基于紫外可见光谱的水质检测系统,各水样吸光度与COD线性拟合R2均大于0.99,单次测量在1s内。同时提出了光谱直接对比和归一化分析方法以及对应的指标参数。通过对大量的邻苯二甲酸氢钾标准溶液和实际水样的实验验证,采用这些光谱分析方法可将水样进行归类,从数据库中寻找适合待测水体的数学模型,进而提高紫外水质检测技术的泛化能力,同时还能得到其他水质指数。     

Characterization of Nanoparticles and Colloids in Aquatic Systems 1. Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigations of Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Aggregates in Aqueous Solutions

Fulvic acids (FA) and humic acids (HA) constitute 30–50% of dissolved organic matter in natural aquatic systems. In aqueous solutions, a commonly accepted view is that FA and HA exist as soluble macroligands at low concentration and as supramolecular aggregates at higher concentration. The size, shape and structure of these aggregates are still the subject of ongoing debate in the environmental chemistry literature. In this article, we use small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to assess the effects of solute concentration, solution pH and background electrolyte (NaCl) concentration on the structures of Suwannee River FA (SRFA) aggregates in D₂O. The qualitative features of the SANS curves and data analysis are not consistent with the view point that SRFA forms micelle-like aggregates as its concentration in aqueous solution increases. We find that SRFA forms fractal aggregates in D₂0 with size greater than 242 nm. The SRFA aggregates undergo a significant degree of restructuring in compactness as solution pH, solute concentration and NaCl concentration increase.