高容量锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2的合成及电化学性能

以β-Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2和LiOH.H2O为原料通过高温固相法合成了球形LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2。采用热重-差热分析了反应过程,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对粉末的结构和形貌进行了表征。采用充放电测试和循环伏安测试对材料电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:750℃煅烧12 h合成的LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2为Li原子混排较少的良好层状结构,二次颗粒尺寸在15μm左右,且具有最高的放电比容量和良好的循环性能,在0.2C,2.8~4.3 V的条件下,首次放电比容量达207 mAh.g-1,40次循环后容量保持率为92.5%。     

锂离子电池正极材料Na3V2（PO4）2F3的原位XRD及固体核磁共振研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Na3V2（PO4）2F3/C复合材料,该材料具有优异的电化学循环性能和倍率性能.利用电化学原位同步辐射X射线衍射（XRD）及魔角旋转固体核磁共振（MASSS-NMR）技术研究了Na3V2（PO4）2F3材料充放电过程中结构变化过程及Li/Na嵌入-脱出反应.研究结果表明,Na3V2（PO4）2F3的电极反应按嵌入-脱出反应机理进行,充放电过程中材料具有优异的结构稳定性.我们还发现Na3V2（PO4）2F3与电解液接触后与电解液中的Li＋发生部分交换反应形成LixNa3-xV2（PO4）2F3.在首次充电时,Li＋和结构中Na1位置的Na＋共同从晶格中脱出;而首次放电过程中,Na＋和Li＋共同嵌入到晶格中;充放电过程中发生的是Li＋和Na＋的共嵌入-脱出反应.     

锂电池正极材料LiMn2O4的改性与循环寿命

对ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４进行改性可有效提高其循环寿命。其中合成掺杂ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的解决循环性能下降的最有效手段。本文在探讨改性ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的结构与其循环性能关系的基础上讨论了掺杂离子的选择标准。     

微波碱解法消除土壤样品多氯联苯测定中有机氯农药的干扰

有机氯农药（Ｏps）严重干扰多氯联苯（ＰＣＢs）的测定,本文彩微波加热技术将Ｏps碱 解,在优化的实验条件下能完全消除六六六（ＨＣＨ）、双对氯苯基三氯乙烷（ＤＤＴ）、二氯二苯二氯乙烷（ＤＤＤ）的干扰,二氯二苯二氯乙烷（ＤＤＥ）、艾试剂（Ａｌｄｒｉｎ）、狄试剂（Ｄｉｅｌｄｒｉｎ?也有一定数量的减少,狄试剂经浓硫酸处理后其干扰完全消除。通过对合成土壤样品的处理,表明该法能有效的碱解Ｏps,消除其对测定ＰＣＢsr     

ChemInform Abstract: SrZn2Sn2 and Ca2Zn3Sn6 — Two New Ae—Zn—Sn Polar Intermetallic Compounds (Ae: Alkaline Earth Metal).

The title compounds are synthesized from the elements (950—1000 °C, 45 min—48 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and DFT electronic structure calculations.     

锂离子二次电池正极材料LiAlyCo0.2Ni0.8-yO2的合成及其电化学性能研究

用固相反应法合成了锂离子二次电池正极材料LiAl_yCo_0.2Ni_0.8-yO₂(y=0,0.001,0.005,0.01,0.03),采用XRD、SEM、ICP-AES、差分计时电位法和充放电循环等对合成的材料的物理化学性质以及电化学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明所合成的产物均为α-NaFeO₂型的层状结构,产物无杂质相,产物的表面形貌规则,颗粒大小均匀。实验结果证明经过Al掺杂后的材料的放电电压平台有所提高,容量也有所上升。并且随着Al含量的增加,材料在电化学充放电过程的结构稳定性在上升,因此电化学稳定性得到了提高。实验结果还表明低含量Al元素的掺杂既提高了LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂的放电容量,又提高了其循环可逆性,使材料的容量保持率显著提高。     

A Conjugated Copolymer of N‐Phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and Pyrene as Promising Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium–Ion Batteries

A novel conjugated copolymer has been synthesized and employed as an organic cathode material in rechargeable lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Due to the synergistic effects from conducting aniline and pyrene units, the resultant batteries based on the as‐obtained copolymer can deliver a promising reversible specific capacity of 113 mAh g^?1 with a high voltage output of 3.2 V and a remarkable 75.2 % capacity retention after 180 cycles. Moreover, an excellent rate performance is also achieved with a fast recovery of the capacity at different current densities.     

Sulfur‐Based Electrodes that Function via Multielectron Reactions for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Storage

Emerging rechargeable sodium‐ion storage systems—sodium‐ion and room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT‐NaS) batteries—are gaining extensive research interest as low‐cost options for large‐scale energy‐storage applications. Owing to their abundance, easy accessibility, and unique physical and chemical properties, sulfur‐based materials, in particular metal sulfides (MS_x) and elemental sulfur (S), are currently regarded as promising electrode candidates for Na‐storage technologies with high capacity and excellent redox reversibility based on multielectron conversion reactions. Here, we present current understanding of Na‐storage mechanisms of the S‐based electrode materials. Recent progress and strategies for improving electronic conductivity and tolerating volume variations of the MS_x anodes in Na‐ion batteries are reviewed. In addition, current advances on S cathodes in RT‐NaS batteries are presented. We outline a novel emerging concept of integrating MS_x electrocatalysts into conventional carbonaceous matrices as effective polarized S hosts in RT‐NaS batteries as well. This comprehensive progress report could provide guidance for research toward the development of S‐based materials for the future Na‐storage techniques.