Branch-and-Price for a European variant of the Railroad Blocking Problem

In wagonload traffic, a production form in railway freight traffic, small groups of wagons have to be transported. In order to decrease transportation costs, wagons from different relations are consolidated. In railyards trains can be separated and rearranged to new trains. The costs arising from this process, which is called reclassification, must be balanced with the transportation costs. The minimization of total costs can be formulated as a network optimization model. We introduce a branch-and-price approach for the considered problem. Moreover, we present specialized cuts, which can be incorporated into the branching scheme. Solutions obtained from our implementation can keep up with results computed by CPLEX.     

移动闭塞条件下线路弯道对列车交通流影响的研究

在NaSch模型的基础上,针对铁路线路特点提出了一种用于模拟铁路线路弯道的多列车追踪运行的元胞自动机模型.应用该模型,进行了计算机数值模拟,研究了具有不同弯道半径、不同外轨超高和不同弯道长度的线路弯道对铁路交通流的影响.模拟结果表明:建立的模型能够准确的反映出特殊线路交通流情况,线路弯道对列车的行车安全有较大的影响,同时再现了时走时停的交通波现象,根据仿真结果得出了随着弯道半径的增大,列车的晚点时间逐渐减少,合理选择弯道半径、外轨超高值和弯道长度,可以显著提高线路的通行能力,减低轮轨磨耗,保证列车的安全、舒适运行.所得结果对铁路线路选线设计和运营管理有一定的指导意义.     

Façade noise abatement prediction: New spectrum adaptation terms measured in field in different road and railway traffic conditions

The Façade Acoustic Insulation Index is one of the most disputed parameters for residential and non-residential buildings. The real performance of the façades does not often agree with the calculated one during the design stage. The field measurement sessions are usually carried out using pink noise spectra, as suggested by the International Standards ISO 717-1. In the present paper six mean spectra derived from in field measurements were proposed: urban toads, traffic lights, roundabouts, freeways, Highways, very high speed trains, high speed trains, and low speed trains. The proposed spectra were equalized against acoustic distortion and were used to measure the noise abatements in a terraced house and in a classroom façade. The highest abatements result for spectra with high levels at high frequencies, better absorbed than low ones by façade elements and frames. The spectrum adaptation terms were also calculated both for the standard and the proposed spectra and were used to predict the façade abatements in compliance with EN ISO 12354-3: the values C_j calculated from the proposed spectra provided more reliable results than the terms C and C_tr (ISO 717-1) and represent a useful tool to predict the noise façade abatements.     

Degradation behavior and application of recycled PVC sheet made of floor sheet for railway vehicle

A floor sheet made of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is used as interior material for railway vehicle. Some of the floor sheets mainly used in Express and Shinkansen vehicles were layered by vulcanized surface to protect against the fire. Therefore, these floor sheets have been considered as inappropriate material for recycling. In this paper, some varieties of recycled sheets made of these floor sheets have been studied with respect to a long-term stability which is necessary for practical application. Through the weathering test, these recycled sheets indicated suitable mechanical properties for long-term outdoor use; however, at the beginning of weathering test, the elongation was reduced by the rapid flow out of plasticizer. The mechanical strength was closely related to the plasticizer concentration. Based on the plasticizer concentration, the tensile strength could be estimated without dependence of specimen preparations and the slope of the elongation was related to the content of the floor sheet. To prevent flowing out of plasticizer, virgin PVC was laminated to the surface of recycled sheet. The laminated sheet was set up at the outdoor to be used as an anti-weed sheet. For more than five years, the laminated sheet has kept on preventing overgrowth of weed and flow out speed of plasticizer has decreased by the effect of virgin PVC lamination. It is presumable that the laminated sheet was estimated to be used as the anti-weed sheet for more years.     

微量RE对接触线用铜合金时效析出特性和软化温度的影响

探讨了微量稀土Ce,Y及混合稀土Ce+Y等对电气化铁路接触线用Cu-Cr-Zr合金的时效析出特性和软化温度的影响。Cu-Cr-Zr合金中加入微量稀土元素并经950℃×1h固溶、480℃时效处理后,可有效地提高合金的显微硬度,而电导率略有降低。时效前冷变形能使合金产生明显的时效硬化,对固溶后的Cu-Cr-Zr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr-RE合金施以60%冷变形再进行480℃时效处理,其显微硬度和导电率较固溶后直接进行时效处理均有明显提高。微量添加的稀土元素对合金的抗软化性能均有改善作用,其中以混合稀土Ce+Y对合金抗软化性能的改善作用最为显著,可将Cu-Cr-Zr合金的软化温度提高约45℃。     

利用 GM( 1, 1)模型的数值解法 计算铁路噪声与振动的传播

铁路噪声在实际传播过程中的未知因素很多 ,难以建立较高精度的物理预测模型. 本文利用灰 色系统理论建立 GM (1, 1)预测模型 ,采用数值解法 (改进欧拉算法 )求解该模型 ,计算铁路噪声级和振 动级在与铁路垂直方向上按坐标分布的预测值 ,其结果与实测基本相符 ,预测精度达到一级.     

分析化学自主设计实验的实践与探索:测定磁介质铁路客票中铁的含量*

介绍了一个自主设计实验“测定磁介质铁路客票铁的含量”,该实验设计选取生活中熟悉又“陌生”的铁路客票为研究对象,以经典验证型实验“无汞盐法测全铁”为理论和实验基础,学生自行查阅文献、设计实验方案、分析讨论方案,再进行具体实验探究,分析实验结果,并撰写小论文。该教学实验项目的实施能有效促进理论知识体系和实验操作技能的深度融合,提高学生的创新能力和综合素质。     

与地理环境相关的中国铁路客运网拓扑结构

以中国铁路车站作为“节点”,每辆列车经过的相邻两个停靠车站之间连接一条“边”,构成有方向有权重的中国铁路客运网.首先研究了该网络的拓扑结构,包括连接度、聚集系数、最短路径和强度,结果表明中国铁路客运网的连接度分布,强度分布都是介于指数分布和幂率分布之间,是一个具有小世界性质的阶层网络.修建铁路需考虑人口分布,行政区域等因素.铁路固定设施成本高,修建完成后很难做变动,因此需考虑诸多空间地理环境对中国铁路客运网的影响,如站点的连接度和站点的相连站点之间的平均行驶距离之间的关系、车站的分布密度与人口密度的关系, 关键词： 铁路客运网 拓扑统计 小世界 地理环境     

铁路应急设施非概率可靠性选址优化研究

为解决小样本、贫信息下铁路应急资源储备点的可靠性选址问题,创新性地将选址-路径问题与区间非概率可靠性方法结合起来,考虑灾情发生后应急设施点在可接受的时间范围内响应受灾点的需求能力及其稳定程度,采用区间值度量路段阻抗,基于区间非概率可靠性理论及区间运算规则,提出路径的非概率可靠性度量及可靠最短路径选择方法;建立基于区间时间阻抗下可靠最短路径的无容量设施选址模型,提出约束条件限制的Monte Carlo改进算法,确定了铁路资源储备点选址的最优方案。实例表明,本文的优化方案能更好地保证救援的时间可靠性,改进的求解算法具有更小的时间复杂度,有效地缩短了运算时间,改善了解的质量。本文的方法与模型体系对于实现铁路应急设施可靠性选址,为决策者提供决策支持,提高铁路应急响应能力具有重要的指导意义。     

制定铁路枢纽编组站分工方案的分层优化方法

揭示了铁路枢纽编组站分工问题可以分解为车流在枢纽内作业地点的选择和走行径路的选择两个层次,根据问题的实际背景和内在机理,构造了作业地点选择和走行径路选择两个层次的数学优化模型,并自然展示了二者间的联系,针对所建模型为NP完全问题的特点,提出了利用遗传算法求解模型的主要策略,并进行了仿真计算。