铁路道砟破碎特性的离散元分析

为降低有砟铁路轨道维护成本并提高乘客舒适度,对铁路道砟材料破碎机理深入研究具有重要作用。本文设计并开展了测量铁路道砟材料特征强度的试验,对道砟受压破碎过程的力和位移等数据加以分析;同时,通过三维激光扫描系统获取道砟三角网格多面体边界,依此采用颗粒平行粘结方式构造具有不规则真实外观的铁路道砟,并采用离散单元方法(DEM)数值模拟道砟径向加载破碎过程,分析应力应变曲线和粘结断裂数等数据以分析颗粒破碎机制。通过对多个道砟颗粒加载试验及数值模拟计算发现,随着道砟尺寸的增加,其有效压缩强度逐渐减小。道砟颗粒的有效压缩强度符合威布尔概率分布函数,并确定了其残存概率的平均强度和威布尔参量,试验和数值模拟结果相吻合。     

中国铁路客运网网络性质的研究

中国铁路客运系统可以采用两种不同的网络构建方式来描述. 一种是以铁路的站点作为“节点”，并以轨道作为“边”，这样生成的网络称为铁路地理网. 统计显示该网络的平均群聚系数〈C〉近似为零，故该网络为树状网络. 另一种是以站点作为“节点”，任意两个站点间只要有同一列车在这两个站点停靠，就可以认为这两个站点间有连线，这样生成的网络称为车流网. 统计显示该网络有较大的平均群聚系数和较小的平均网络距离〈d〉，而且该网络节点的度分布基本上服从无标度幂律分布，故车流网为具有无标度性质的小世界网络. 关键词： 铁路地理网 车流网 小世界 无标度分布     

高速铁路旅客满意度研究:服务接触理论视角

作为旅客重要的出行方式,高速铁路既面临着市场竞争,又面临着旅客不断增长的服务质量要求。基于服务接触理论形成高速铁路客运服务接触链,从理论上构建高速铁路旅客满意度模型,研究影响旅客满意度的关键接触点。运用SEM定量分析潜变量间的路径系数,对该理论模型的路径假设进行检验。结果表明:四个阶段的服务接触直接影响旅客满意度,间接影响旅客忠诚度;四个服务接触阶段对旅客满意度的影响效应从高到低依次是列车、候车、出站、进站;各服务接触阶段对旅客忠诚度的影响存在明显差异。     

与地理环境相关的中国铁路客运网拓扑结构

以中国铁路车站作为“节点”,每辆列车经过的相邻两个停靠车站之间连接一条“边”,构成有方向有权重的中国铁路客运网.首先研究了该网络的拓扑结构,包括连接度、聚集系数、最短路径和强度,结果表明中国铁路客运网的连接度分布,强度分布都是介于指数分布和幂率分布之间,是一个具有小世界性质的阶层网络.修建铁路需考虑人口分布,行政区域等因素.铁路固定设施成本高,修建完成后很难做变动,因此需考虑诸多空间地理环境对中国铁路客运网的影响,如站点的连接度和站点的相连站点之间的平均行驶距离之间的关系、车站的分布密度与人口密度的关系, 关键词： 铁路客运网 拓扑统计 小世界 地理环境     

面向铁路车辆的MR减振器相关技术研究动态

分析了铁路车辆悬架系统工程应用中存在的问题,研究了在复杂工作环境下磁流变(MR)减振器的剪切稀化、泄漏、时滞、温衰等动态特性,综述了国内外该领域的研究现状,并提出解决这些问题的基本思路和方法,以期为铁路车辆MR减振器工程化应用提供参考.     

Analytical study of the dynamic response of an embedded railway track to a moving load

Summary In this paper, the steady-state dynamic response of an embedded railway track to a moving train is investigated theoretically. The model for the track consists of a flexible plate performing vertical vibrations, two beams that are connected to the plate by continuous visco-elastic elements and an elastic foundation that supports the plate. Two harmonic loads that move uniformly along the beams describe the train load. The plate, the beams and the elastic foundation are employed to model a concrete slab of an embedded track, the rails and the ground reaction, respectively. The problem is studied by employing the Fourier integral transforms in the following way. Firstly, the dispersion analysis of waves that may propagate along the system is accomplished in the frequency-wavenumber domain. On the basis of this analysis, critical velocities of the loads are found both for the in-phase and anti-phase vibrations of the loads. Secondly, the vertical displacement of the rails and the slab, along with the stresses in the slab, are investigated as functions of the velocity and frequency of the loads. Finally, the response of the two-dimensional model is compared to that of a simplified one-dimensional model.     

TEACHING OF MACHANICS OF MATERIALS WITH ENGINEERING CASES FOR UNDERGRADUATES MAJORED IN RAILWAY AND BRIDGE1)

材料力学教学中,为了提高学生们的学习兴趣和解决工程实际问题的能力,结合铁道桥梁类本科生的专业特点,分析了部分工程案例。该教学模式一方面可以进一步加深学生对材料力学基本知识和概念的理解,另一方面可提高学生利用所学知识解决专业领域具体问题的能力,激发学生学习的积极性和主动性。多年的教学实践证明了该教学模式的有效性。     

铁路路基病害类型、机理及检测与整治技术

针对既有铁路的特点,分析了常见铁路路基病害的类型、机理;提出路基病害的检测应运用现代化检测工具,采用原位和区段测试相结合的方法;针对路基病害整治技术的复杂多样,整治具体路基病害的困难性,指出了铁路路基病害智能管理系统能较好地解决此问题。     

铁路隧道基底破坏力学形态的试验研究

针对既有铁路隧道底部病害严重的现状，采用模型试验方法对该问题进行了研究。试验中主要对不同隧道铺底工况进行疲劳试验，以了解不同铺底工况疲劳裂纹的出现时间、扩展情况以及使用寿命等，同时对作用于铺底结构上的压应力及弯应力也进行了测试。试验结果表明，在机车轴重荷载作用下，作用于隧道铺底结构顶面的竖向压应力基本在0．2MPa以内，而铺底底面的弯拉应力一般在0．8MPa以上，铺底结构属于受弯破坏；另外，通过试验得到了20cm厚钢筋混凝土的隧道基底结构更优的结论。在试验成果的基础上，对隧道铺底结构的受力状态及其计算方法进行了探讨。     

Degradation behavior and application of recycled PVC sheet made of floor sheet for railway vehicle

A floor sheet made of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is used as interior material for railway vehicle. Some of the floor sheets mainly used in Express and Shinkansen vehicles were layered by vulcanized surface to protect against the fire. Therefore, these floor sheets have been considered as inappropriate material for recycling. In this paper, some varieties of recycled sheets made of these floor sheets have been studied with respect to a long-term stability which is necessary for practical application. Through the weathering test, these recycled sheets indicated suitable mechanical properties for long-term outdoor use; however, at the beginning of weathering test, the elongation was reduced by the rapid flow out of plasticizer. The mechanical strength was closely related to the plasticizer concentration. Based on the plasticizer concentration, the tensile strength could be estimated without dependence of specimen preparations and the slope of the elongation was related to the content of the floor sheet. To prevent flowing out of plasticizer, virgin PVC was laminated to the surface of recycled sheet. The laminated sheet was set up at the outdoor to be used as an anti-weed sheet. For more than five years, the laminated sheet has kept on preventing overgrowth of weed and flow out speed of plasticizer has decreased by the effect of virgin PVC lamination. It is presumable that the laminated sheet was estimated to be used as the anti-weed sheet for more years.