高速客车横向稳定性及分岔研究

以一类比较典型的具有17个自由度的四轴铁道客车系统为研究对象.利用Vermeulen-Johnson蠕滑理论和一分段线性函数来分别计算轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力和轮缘力.应用数值方法并结合稳定性与分岔理论对该车辆系统运行于理想平直轨道上的横向稳定性与分岔问题进行研究,得到车辆系统的Hopf分岔点、鞍结分岔点及其稳定性转变过程,据此确定车辆系统的线性临界速度和非线性临界速度.同时也对该车辆系统在超高速情况下的摆振方式进行分析,结果表明系统首先经简单的单频率周期运动,逐渐演变成两个甚至多个频率互相耦合的拟周期运动,随着新的耦合频率不断出现,系统最终进入混沌运动状态.     

既有铁路钢桥剩余疲劳寿命的概率性评估

中国铁路线上大量既有钢桥承受着日益繁重的交通荷载,其疲劳剩余寿命与使用安全已受到桥梁管理部门的高度重视,为避免不必要的维护与更换,应建立合理的既有钢桥使用安全评估方法。在建立能反映铆接钢桥疲劳破坏机理的脆断和韧断概率失效模型基础上,给出了疲劳可靠性分析的极限状态方程,并合理确定了随机变量的参数取值。建立了铆接钢桥构件双角钢概率疲劳破坏模型,基于Monte Carlo算法实现了铆接钢桥构件双角钢疲劳断裂失效概率的计算,编制了相应的概率断裂分析程序DAPFF。进而将概率断裂力学评估方法应用于京九线赣江桥的时变疲劳可靠度分析,并给出了赣江桥概率疲劳剩余寿命评估结果与维护对策。     

Efficient decoupling technique applied to the numerical time integration of advanced interaction models for railway dynamics

Railway interaction is characterised by the coupling between the train and the track introduced through the wheel/rail contact. The introduction of the flexibility in the wheelset and the track through the finite element (FE) method in the last four decades has permitted to study high-frequency phenomena such as rolling noise and squeal, whose origin lies in the strongly non-steady state and non-linear behaviour of the contact forces that arise from the small contact area. In order to address models with a large number of degrees of freedom, innovative Eulerian-modal models for wheelsets with rotation and cyclic tracks have been developed in recent years. The aim of this paper is to extend the resulting formulation to an uncoupled linear matrix equation of motion that allows solving each equation independently for each time step, considerably reducing the associated computational cost. The decoupling integration method proposed is compared in terms of computational performance with Newmark and Runge-Kutta schemes, commonly used in vehicle dynamics, for simulations with the leading wheelset negotiating a tangent track and accounting the rail roughness.     

The hazards of life and the chance to be at the border of different worlds. A subjective view of fifty years in quantum chemistry

<正>1 Introduction(1944–1965)It was the allied offensive in 1944 that decided the precise date of my birth.Indeed,I was born on the 31st of March in the basement of the family’s home during a bombing on the neighboring freight railway station.My father,Robert André(1905–1977),was an engineer working in the steel industry,at the well named"Fabrique de fer"which is still in activity from that time,under the successive names"Fafer"and now"Industeel Belgium".I am a typical Belgian product     

Dynamical investigation of railway vehicles on a curved track

The main objective of this article is an examination of railway vehicle dynamics during motion along a curved track. Two main aspects are presented in the paper. First, two different methods used while investigating multi-rigid body systems such as railway vehicles are discussed, i.e. the quasi-statical (or kineto-statical) and dynamical approaches. Second, two practical problems dealing with vehicle motion along a curved track are investigated. The problems under consideration refer to vibrations as well as stability, examined via finding obtained with the author's software as a result of numerical simulation. The work has both a practical and a cognitive character. The aim of the investigations is firstly to indicate the limitations of quasi-statical (and kineto-statical) methods and secondly to study the problems which cannot be treated by these methods. Two specific problems of the type investigated using a dynamical approach are the influence of track geometrical irregularities on the evaluation of vehicle ride properties and limit cycle occurrence during vehicle curve negotiation. Due to the renewed interest in the rapid passenger railway, the investigations take into consideration curves of large radii introduced along railway routes for increased velocities. Furthermore, it is shown under which conditions the obtained results may have an important practical application. This concerns the influence of vehicle suspension parameters as well as conditions of motion (speed, superelevation, curve radius, transition curve existence) on limit cycle occurrence. The limited value of conclusions dealing with vehicle ride properties obtained while using quasi-statical (kineto-statical) methods is proved through quantitative analysis. The problem of the influence of geometrical irregularities on wheel-rail pair wear is also pointed out.     

青藏铁路片石护坡路堤温度特性分析

通过对青藏铁路清水河段片石护坡路堤和普通路堤实体工程进行的地温监测,对比分析了两种路堤体内及基底的温度特性,分析结果表明采用片石护坡措施的路堤,与普通路堤相比,降温效果好,负积温量值大,最大融化深度抬升幅度也较大,因此,片石护坡能够有效发挥降低地温、保护多年冻土的作用。     

鲁南地区区域地壳稳定性评价与胶新铁路地质选线

以遥感图象解译和野外地质勘查结果为依据对活动断裂分布及其活动性进行了重新核对 ,结合地震、地球物理、地壳形变等资料进行构造稳定性分区。根据铁路工程地质选线的若干要求和铁路通过区的具体特点 ,选取地质、地震、活动断裂、地质灾害和场地岩土类型为主要评价因素 ,从构造稳定性、地面稳定性、岩土体稳定性三方面进行区域地壳稳定性的评价。最后根据上述评价结果进行综合工程地质选线.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区工程复杂性分析

青藏铁路穿越550km多年冻土区,多年冻土地温、冻土类型以及沿线生态环境等存在较大的差异,使多年冻土区工程较为复杂。因此本文提出了冻土工程复杂性概念,建立冻土工程复杂性评价模型,并利用GIS平台对青藏铁路沿线唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性进行了分析和研究。研究结果表明,青藏铁路穿越的唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性相对较小,而青藏公路的工程复杂性相对较大。这表明了青藏公路沿线冻土工程比青藏铁路沿线更为复杂,在各种因素的影响下,青藏公路路基稳定性变化比青藏铁路更加复杂。     

BP神经网络在铁路客运市场时间序列预测中的应用

铁路客运市场受多个因素的影响，而且这些作用多是非线性的。时间序列预测实质上是实现一个非线性映射。由于具有任意个隐层节点的前馈神经网络可以以任意精度逼近一个连续函数，因此，目前得到普遍应用的是采用BP算法的多层前馈神经网络。本探讨用人工神经网络的反向传播(BP)算法研究铁路客运市场的时间序列预测。数值计算结果表明该方法预测精度较高，方法简单易行，为铁路客运市场预测研究提供了新的途径。     

新建铁路专用线声环境影响评价的程序与方法

针对铁路专用线声环境影响评价的特点和目前缺乏新建铁路噪声预测模式的现状，提出了铁路专用线声环境影响评价的程序和方法，并以其公司运输成品油的专用线为实例对上述方法进一步验证。