Quantitative analysis of photoelectron angular distribution of single-domain organic monolayer film: NTCDA on GeS(0 0 1)

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra were measured for a single-domain monolayer film of naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) prepared on a cleaved GeS(0 0 1) surface using synchrotron radiation. The observed photoelectron angular distributions were analyzed by a calculation using the single-scattering approximation combined with molecular orbital calculation. With the help of the low-energy electron diffraction pattern, the structure of the NTCDA monolayer on GeS(0 0 1) was estimated quantitatively.     

STUDIES ON PREPARATION OF INACTIVATED VACCINES FROM CELL CULTURES OF MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS (MEV) AND THEIR IMMUNITY

In this paper, superhigh reproductive rate strains of MEV with titre more than HA8192* or TCID50 log9.7 10 have been achieved both by cultivation in cell lines with different susceptibility to MEV and by isolating and identifying in field by the author. The systematic tests proved that S18 and L12 strains of MEV are the best strains for vaccine preparation. In this study, the best means for the tissue cultivation of MEV and the most advanced technological process for the production and detection of serum-free cell-cultured MEV fluids with super-high HA titre in batches in large quantities have been established for the first time. Optimum conditions for MEV inactivation were determined, and safe and effective inactivated vaccines with mineral oil or A1(OH)3 gel adjuvant were successfully prepared with serum-free cell-cultured MEV fluids. Both vaccines with different adjuvants can be manufactured in batches in large quantities and have been widely used all over China since 1986. The change laws of the imm     

用WAXD和SAXS研究辐照聚酰胺1010结构

用ＷＡＸＤ和ＳＡＸＳ方法研究了聚酰胺１０１０的聚集态结构和结晶结构的辐射损伤过程和机理。辐射交联与裂解主要在非晶区和结晶表面或中间相发生；辐射损伤并从这里开始，随辐射剂量增大，非晶化逐渐向晶区伸展，有氢键的（０１０）晶面损伤几率高于（１００）晶面；辐射后效应导致新的交联与裂解生成，主要影响（０１０）晶面的形成与完善，使Ｌ１００及Ｗｃ变小。     

Gamma-radiation effects on the reduction of hematite to iron in the graphite-iron(III) oxide system

The effects of⁶⁰Co-gamma radiation and of various sample composition on the reduction of hematite to iron in the graphite-iron(III) oxide system in air were studied using isothermal and dynamic TG techniques. Kinetic analysis of isothermal data were performed according to various theoretical models of heterogeneous reactions and the results showed that the three-dimensional phase boundary model gives the best fit of data. Analysis of dynamic TG data were made using Ozawa integral method, Coats-Redfern method and a composite method based on the modified Coats and redfern equation. The activation parameters were calculated and the results of the different methods were compared and discussed.Radiation apparently did not introduce a change in the reaction model or mechanism. However, there is a decrease in activation energy and frequency factor upon irradiation and a decrease in the half-life time of the reaction which is remarkable at the higher temperatures and higher doses.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels isothermer und dynamischer TG wurde im Graphit-Eisen(III)oxidsystem in Luft der Einfluß von⁶⁰Co-Gammastrahlung und von verschiedenen Probenzusammensetzungen auf die Reduktion von Hämatit zu Eisen untersucht. Entsprechend verschiedener theoretischer Modelle heterogener Reaktionen wurde eine kinetische Analyse der isothermen Daten durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß das dreidimensionale Phasengrenzenmodell die beste Übereinstimmung liefert. Die Analyse der dynamischen TG-Daten wurde mittels der Integralmethode von Ozawa, der Coats-Redfem-Methode und einer zusammengesetzten Methode auf der Grundlage der modifizierten Coats und Redfern Gleichung durchgeführt. Die Aktivierungsparameter wurden berechnet und die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Methoden miteinander verglichen und diskutiert.Strahlung scheint keine Änderung des Reaktionsmodelles oder des Mechanismus hervorzurufen. Durch Bestrahlung gibt es aber ein Absinken der Aktivierungsenergie und des Frequenzfaktors sowie ein Absinken der Halbwertszeit der Reaktion, was bei höheren Temperaturen und höherer Dosis bemerkenswert groß ist.

     

化学模式识别技术评价中药厚朴质量的研究

本文对不同产地和市售的二十四种厚朴药材及饮片的萃取液进行了高效液相色谱、气相色谱及紫外光谱分析;对所得数据用主成分分析进行分类,概括出不同样品化学成分的异同,认为大叶木兰可做为厚朴的代用品,而在陕西安康购得的样品不应做厚朴使用,后者经生药学鉴定为厚朴伪品凹叶木兰。化学模式识别技术可为寻找药材的代用品、评价中药质量及鉴定伪劣药材提供依据。     

Application of differential scanning calorimetry in food research and food quality assurance

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used thermal analytical technique in food research and it has a great utility in quality assurance of food. Proteins are the most studied food components by thermal analysis including studies on conformation changes of food proteins as affected by various environmental factors, thermal denaturation of tissue proteins, food enzymes and enzyme preparations for the food industry, as well as effects of various additives on their thermal properties. Freezing-induced denaturation of food proteins and the effect of cryoprotectants are also monitored by DSC. Polymer characterization based on DSC of polysaccharides, gelatinization behaviour of starches and interaction of starch with other food components can be determined, and phase transitions during baking processes can be studied by DSC. Studies on crystallization and melting behaviour of fats observed by DSC indicate changes in lipid composition or help characterizing products. Thermal oxidative decomposition of edible oils examined by DSC can be used for predicting oil stability. Using DSC in the freezing range has a great potential for measuring and modelling frozen food thermal properties, and to estimate the state of water in foods and food ingredients. Research in food microbiology utilizes DSC in better understanding thermoadaptive mechanisms or heat killing of food-borne microorganisms. Isothermic microcalorimetric techniques provide informative data regarding microbial growth and microbial metabolism.     

Crosslinking of ethylene-propylene (-diene) terpolymer elastomer initiated by an excimer laser

Excimer laser-induced crosslinking of ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer using a trace amount of photoinitiator, 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, was evaluated. Gel content measurements on irradiated samples showed that crosslinking was a natural consequence in all, which had undergone exposure to laser radiation. Degree of crosslinking was found to be linear with the laser exposure energy and was found to reach a saturation value of approximately 80% at about 100 J. However, for thicker samples the dependence of gel content i.e. crosslinking was found to be exponential over the range of laser exposure energy in excess of 200 J. As is expected, the tensile strength increased significantly with the increase of crosslinking. The band at 808 cm⁻¹ in the infrared spectra was attributed to the 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) content in the polymer. The ENB has a double bond which is considered to be consumed with a high radiochemical yield and thereby contributes to the increase in rate of the formation of intermolecular bridge density.     

Blood lead monitoring in Italy: Assessment of the quality of results obtained between 1992 and 1994

Between 1992 and 1994, a new screening campaign for blood Pb monitoring in the Italian general population was carried out. Since the first campaign (started in 1978, in accomplishment of the European Community Directive 77/312/EEC) a working group of the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry at the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), as the Reference Centre (RC), has coordinated the activity of various laboratories spread over the national territory. Appropriate quality assurance procedures, including an external quality assessment scheme (EQAS), were elaborated. Within the EQAS, three or four trials were carried out every year. Each laboratory participating in the trial analyzed eight control samples prepared from cow blood at different Pb concentrations. The results obtained by each peripheral laboratory and the RC between 1992 and 1994 have been compared by regression analysis. The same statistical method was adopted to compare the results obtained by each peripheral laboratory and the RC in the duplicate analysis of about 10 per cent of the human samples collected during the 1992–1994 monitoring campaign. There was no evidence of systematic differences between the regression lines obtained on control and human samples. In spite of the lower Pb concentration in the control samples analyzed during the 1992–1994 campaign, the analytical performance of the laboratories was better than that obtained in the previous screening campaign (1985–1986). Blood Pb levels observed in human samples collected between 1992 and 1994, confirm the downward time trend observed in the campaigns carried out in 1978–1979, 1980–1981 and 1985–1986. This study confirms that the results obtained in an EQAS are representative of the actual performance in the analysis of real (human) samples.     

“In situ” radiation cleaning of underground water contaminated with cyanides - six years of experience

The locality of underground water, contaminated with cyanides, has been successfully cleaned by using the hydraulic barrier method (assembly of pumped wells) since 1986. The average cyanide concentrations in the outflow exceeded 35 m per litre. Contamination had to be eliminated before the discharge into the sewer system. The radiation approach “in situ” i.e. decomposition of cyanides by barrier, was applied and is still being used today. The cyanide concentration was lowered more than one order of magnitude. This process was approved by the Czechoslovak radiation security authorities and further applications of “in Situ” regeneration of underground water contamination is anticipated.     

Atom-surface elastic scattering in the presence of laser radiation

A qualitative discussion on atom-surface elastic scattering taking place in the presence of laser radiation is given. It is suggested that appreciable effects of laser radiation on diffraction patterns may be expected if the laser radiation is capable of inducing electronic transitions in atoms with a large probability.Research sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC), United States Air Force, under Contract No. F49620-78-C-0005, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE77-27826. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon.Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1976–1980; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, 1975–1980.