多功能复合材料结构状态感知系统

由于具有比强度和比刚度高、可设计性强等优点,先进复合材料正在逐步成为新一代民用飞机的主要结构材料。为了充分利用复合材料的优越性能,有必要研发一种与复合材料结构集成一体的多功能传感系统,以使复合材料结构可以"感觉"和"思考"自身状态。本文提出一种类似于人体神经系统的多功能传感器网络系统,将不同功能的传感器有机结合起来,并与复合材料结构永久集成于一体,用来感知结构应变、温度、湿度、气动压力等参量,并监测发生在结构上的外界撞击及内部损伤。利用这一新概念设计和制造的未来复合材料结构可以提供多种模式的综合信息,从而使之具有智能传感、环境适应等多种功能。本文同时也讨论了发展这样一种多功能结构状态感知系统所面临的挑战与有关解决途径。     

Image decoding optimization based on compressive sensing

Transform-based image codec follows the basic principle: the reconstructed quality is decided by the quantization level. Compressive sensing (CS) breaks the limit and states that sparse signals can be perfectly recovered from incomplete or even corrupted information by solving convex optimization. Under the same acquisition of images, if images are represented sparsely enough, they can be reconstructed more accurately by CS recovery than inverse transform. So, in this paper, we utilize a modified TV operator to enhance image sparse representation and reconstruction accuracy, and we acquire image information from transform coefficients corrupted by quantization noise. We can reconstruct the images by CS recovery instead of inverse transform. A CS-based JPEG decoding scheme is obtained and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly improve the PSNR and visual quality of reconstructed images compared with original JPEG decoder.     

相位差法波前传感系统自身误差的分析及消除方法

 针对附加像差为离焦的情况,对焦面位置误差、离焦量误差、图像对准误差以及图像噪声等因素带来的波前传感误差进行了数值模拟,并给出了确定焦面位置、对准焦面图像和离焦面图像、精确计算分光比、确定离焦量以及处理图像噪声的方法。使得传感结果的均方根误差分别由0.088 8λ,0.059 0λ,0.128 4λ,4.170 6λ,0.152 6λ降为0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.002 1λ,0.029 2λ。结果表明:这些方法可以有效地减小传感误差,大大提高了传感精度,为相位差法的实际应用提供了重要的技术支持。     

空间相机光学窗口热光学性能的仿真分析

 空间相机光学窗口与周围环境进行热交换,导致窗口的温度发生不均匀变化,包括整体温度水平的变化以及产生径向温差、周向温差和轴向温差。这些温度梯度将影响相机的光学系统质量。针对某相机光学窗口温度分布不均匀的特点,提出利用非顺序光路建立复杂光瞳的方法对光学窗口进行分区,在各子区域上建立温度的径向分布特征,然后将各子区域的变化再统一到整个元件中,进而评判对整个系统的影响。结果表明,新方法合理可行,温度周向不均匀分布会降低光学系统质量,并且不能完全通过离焦来补偿。     

含耐高温涂覆层长周期光纤光栅的温度特性研究

利用逐点写入法在耐高温光纤中用红外飞秒激光直接写入了长周期光纤光栅,研究了光栅的高温温度特性,并做了理论分析.通过对含耐高温涂覆层的长周期光纤光栅进行20℃～300℃的温度传感实验,结果表明:在高温段光栅的谐振波长漂移量与温度之间仍能保持大的灵敏度(0.060 5 nm/℃)和好的线性度,且光纤耐高温涂覆层不受破坏,光...     

温室气体遥感探测仪器发展现状

阐述了温室气体遥感探测技术的发展历程。详细介绍了几种国外先进的高光谱分辨率温室气体遥感探测仪器的设计理念、工作方式、谱段设置和主要技术指标。综述了温室气体探测技术从综合性探测仪器到专用温室气体探测仪器的发展过程,指出了温室气体探测仪器未来发展方向,包括高光谱分辨率、高空间分辨率,宽覆盖范围,短覆盖周期以及高信噪比等。     

微波后向散射数据改进农作物光谱分类精度研究

利用实验区环境星多光谱数据与Envisat ASAR VV极化数据进行融合.讨论了VV极化微波后向散射数据用于改善多光谱遥感数据农作物分类的精度,并比较了不同分类方法的分类精度.结果表明,两种数据之间的融合充分利用了环境星数据的光谱信息和VV极化数据对于地物结构敏感的特征,不但增强了不同地物之间的光谱差异,而且提高了作...     

多角度偏振遥感相机DPC在轨偏振定标

为了做好卫星数据应用的技术储备,多角度偏振遥感相机DPC航空预研版已经研制成功并完成了航空飞行实验. DPC相机用于获取地气系统反射的偏振、多角度的太阳辐射信息,其地气物理参数反演依赖于定标的精度. 偏振相机的辐射定标包括强度和偏振两个方面. 本文研究偏振遥感相机的偏振参数的在轨定标原理与方法. 基于偏振遥感相机的设计原理,以相机的偏振辐射模型为基础,探索偏振定标的原理和方法. 使用DPC航空遥感实验数据,初步实现了在轨偏振定标并对定标结果进行了分析. 为将来我国自主星载偏振遥感数据处理和在轨偏振定标提供 关键词： 偏振定标 遥感 在轨定标 DPC     

Fluorescent nanoparticles for chemical and biological sensing

Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), including quantum dots (QDs), dye-doped NPs, and rare earth-based NPs, etc., have been a major focus of research and development during the past decade. The impetus behind such endeavors can be attributed to their unique chemical and optical properties, such as bright fluorescence, high photostability, large Stocks shift and flexible processability. The introduction of fluorescent NPs into analytical chemistry has opened up new venues for fluorescent analysis. In this review...     

Humidity Sensing Properties of Flower‐Like VO2(B) and VO2(M) Nanostructures

VO₂(B) nanoflowers were synthesized via hydrothermal method, and VO₂(M) nanoflowers were obtained through heat‐transformation. Two sensors based on VO₂(B) and VO₂(M) nanoflowers were fabricated and their humidity characteristics were studied. It was found that these sensors exhibited fast response and recovery, perfect reproducibility and good stability. The VO₂(M) type sensor is more sensitive at high RH and can be used for high humidity detection. On the contrary, the VO₂(B) type sensor has a higher sensitivity at low RH, and can be used for low humidity detection, which is difficult for humidity sensors based on many other semiconductor oxides.