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691.
Synergism and antagonism phenomena in phase transfer catalytic reactions have been considered. The factors responsible for the Synergism in the catalysis by an onium salt-crown ether mixture have been determined. Special attention have been paid to quantitative estimation of synergism and antagonism. The influence of addition of water on the rates of the reactions in solid-liquid systems have been discussed.In memory of the 75th anniversary of Member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR L. M. Litvinenko.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2108–2114, November, 1995. 相似文献
692.
手性相转移催化剂及其不对称催化反应 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
综述了手性季铵盐和手性冠醚两类手性相转移催化剂及其在不对称催化反应(包括加成,取代,氧化及还原等反应)中的应用,参考文献97篇。 相似文献
693.
The Crystal Structure of LiPdGaF6, RbPdAlF6 and K1.06Pd0.95Fe1.05F6 Single crystals of LiPdGaF6 (blue; trigonal, P31 c-D3d2 (No. 163), a = 505.72(2), c = 923.7(2) pm; LiCaAlF6-Type [1]), RbPdAlF6 (violet; orthorhombic, Pnma-D2h16 (No. 62), a = 729.0(1), b = 711.1(1), c = 1006.5(2) pm; CsAgFeF6-Type [2]) and K1.06Pd0.95Fe1.05F6 (greenish-blue; tetragonal, P42/mbc-D4h13 (No. 135), a = 1 279.07(7), c = 800.2(1) pm; K1,08MnFeF6-Type [3]; four cycle diffractometer data, Siemens AED2) are obtained by heating the binary fluorides in sealed Pd-tubes under dry argon [solid state reaction, T ≈ 650, t ≈ 19 d (39 d, 24 d)]. 相似文献
694.
Natalya V. Shvedene Tatyana V. Shishkanova Irina I. Torocheshnikova Inna a. Nazarova Vladimir E. Baulin Yury a. Zolotov Igor V. Pletnev 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1998,32(1):9-21
Open chain polyethers with phosphoryl-containing terminal groups have been studied as carriers in plasticized membrane electrodes that are selective towards cationic surfactants. Host–guest complexation has also been studied by means of batch extraction and bulk membrane transport experiments. For the various guests, the bulk membrane (chloroform) transport rate decreases in the series tetraalkyl ammonium > alkyl pyridinium > alkyl ammonium, while the series of solvent extraction efficiency is exactly opposite; an explanation for this behaviour is proposed. The performance of electrode membranes follows the series for bulk membrane transport. Among the ISE membranes of various composition, one containing the longest (seven oxygen atoms) podand, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (plasticizer), and sodium tetraphenyl borate (anionic additive) performs the best. The slope of the electrode function equals 58.5 mV/decade, the detection limit for dodecyltrimethylammonium is 3.2 × 10-6 M. ISE response time is 5–10 s, the working pH range is 2–11 and lifetime is at least 6 months. The electrode selectivity is significantly better than that of conventional ion-association and crown ether based electrodes. 相似文献
695.
Hee-Young Park Dong-Won Lee Hwa-Soo Lee Dong-Ok Lim Dae-Won Park 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2003,79(2):245-255
Photopolymers with both pendant cyclic carbonate groups and cinnamic ester groups were synthesized by the addition reaction
of poly(glycidyl methacryalte-co-styrene)[poly(GMA-co-AN)] with carbon dioxide and then with cinnamoyl chloride. Soluble quaternary ammonium salt catalysts showed good yield of
cinnamoyl chloride addition to the glycidyl methacrylate groups. Quaternary salt catalysts of longer alkyl chain length and
of more nucleophilic anion offered higher yield of cinnamoyl chloride addition. Photochemical reaction test showed that poly(CNMA-co-DOMA-co-St) had a good photosensitivity.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
696.
697.
Cu-Ni-Mg-Al-CO_3四元水滑石的合成及结构分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以Cu(NO3)2 ·3H2 O,Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2 O,Mg(NO3)2 ·6H2 O和Al(NO3)3·9H2 O为原料,以NaOH和Na2 CO3为沉淀剂,采用成核/晶化隔离法合成了Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石,通过XRD,FT IR,TG DTA,ICP等手段对样品进行测试和表征,并且对水滑石结构的层板和层间阴离子相互作用进行分析和讨论.结果表明,控制Cu2 +离子与其它二价金属离子的配比,可制备晶体结构规整的M(II)4 M(III)2 (OH)12 CO3·4H2 O型水滑石;Cu2 +离子的引入导致了明显的Jahn Teller效应;且随Mg2 +量的增加,使得这种效应更加显著,另一方面Mg2 +量的增加有利于Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石晶体在a方向上生长,增强其热稳定性 相似文献
698.
TongKuanXU XingHalSHEN NaLI HongChengGAO 《中国化学快报》2005,16(7):943-946
The binding between three surface-active substituted 3H-indole fluorescence probes and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence quenching. The binding constants of 3H-indole molecules with BSA were obtained. According to the Foerster resonance energy transfer theory, the distances between 3H-indole molecules and tryptophan of BSA were calculated. The results show that the oligoethyloxyethylene chain of 3H-indole molecules is longer, the binding between them is stronger, the energy transfer efficiency is higher, and the distance between tryptophan and 3H-indole is nearer. 相似文献
699.
Shouji Minegishi Shinji Tsuchida Masaki Sasaki Atsushi Kameyama Hiroto Kudo Tadatomi Nishikubo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(21):3835-3846
The polyaddition of 4,4′‐bis[(3‐ethyl‐3‐oxetanyl)methoxy]biphenyl (4,4′‐BEOBP) and phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC) with quaternary onium salts as catalysts proceeded under mild reaction conditions to afford a polymer containing phosphorous atoms in its main chain. A polyphosphonate with a high number‐average molecular weight (10,300) was obtained by the reaction of 4,4′‐BEOBP and PPDC in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPC) in o‐dichlorobenzene at 130 °C for 24 h. The structure of the resulting polymer was confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, it was proved that the polyaddition of certain bis(oxetane)s with phosphonic dichlorides proceeded smoothly to give corresponding polyphosphonates with TPPC as the catalyst. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3835–3846, 2002 相似文献
700.
We investigated the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to a copolymer bearing epoxide and the application of the cyclic carbonate group containing copolymer to polymer blends. In the synthesis of poly[(2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4‐yl)methyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene] [poly(DOMA‐co‐St)] from the addition of CO 2 to poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene) [poly(GMA‐co‐St)], quaternary ammonium salts showed good catalytic activity at mild reaction conditions. The CO 2 addition reaction followed pseudo first‐order kinetics with the concentration of poly(GMA‐co‐St). In order to expand the applications of the CO 2 fixed copolymer, polymer blends of this copolymer with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were cast from N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. Miscibility of blends of poly(DOMA‐co‐St) with PMMA or PVC have been investigated both by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and visual inspection of the blends, and the blends were miscible over the whole composition ranges. The miscibility behaviors were also discussed in terms of FT‐IR spectra. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献