基于主动式时间反转镜的声呐目标强度测量研究

为提高目标强度测量过程中的抗噪声、混响以及浅海多途干扰性能,从军标文件中的目标强度测量方法以及主动式时间反转镜的基本原理出发,经过研究和推演,发现可将基于单阵元的主动式时间反转镜与相关器结合应用于目标强度测量过程,提出了一种新的目标强度测量方法。该方法利用了主动式时间反转镜的抗多途特性,使得测量具有抗多途的性能;利用噪声与信号的不相关特性,算法结合相关器起到了很好的抗随机噪声效果;混响中的体积混响是随机的,算法具有抗体积混响的性能。论文分别从理论仿真和水池实验验证了算法的有效性和正确性。     

基于MIE散射理论的粒度分布测量系统研究

粒度测量广泛应用于粉体工程,测量结果直接影响粉体产品优劣。在深入研究MIE散射理论的基础上,提出一种基于改进反演算法的粒度测量系统设计方案,利用激光器、傅里叶透镜、光电传感器采集含有待测微粒信息的电信号,通过调理电路进行处理,应用改进反演算法分析得出粒度值及分布。通过实验验证,效的本文提出的设计方案能实现准确高粒度测量。     

基于无线传感器网络的飞行器测控通信系统测量方案设计

随着航天技术的发展,飞行器测控通信系统需要测量的参数种类和数量不断增加,但同时要求系统在进行方案搭建时满足更高的可靠性、更小的体积和更小的设备质量。为解决这类问题,提出了基于无线传感器网络的飞行器测量方案,方案重点从节点配置、时间同步、网络拓扑、能源供应等方面对方案进行阐述,最后给出了应解决的关键技术攻关方向。     

基于AD7656的旋变角度测量设计

Describes the functions, background applications and features of the resolver, in order to calculate the angle position of the resolver signals, this paper choose AD7656 precision chip, proposed the resolver algorithm for calculating resolver angle by measuring the output voltage and excitation voltage of the resolver. Mainly introduce AD7656 and its hardware circuit design, and flowchart of the algorithm for arctangent. This algorithm is simple and reliable. Experimental results show that the system design is reasonable, measurement algorithms of resolver angle meets the requirements. Analyze the error for this result and prepare for the study.     

Vitamin D Inhibits the Early Aggregation of α-Synuclein and Modulates Exocytosis Revealed by Electrochemical Measurements

Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) localizes at presynaptic terminal and modulates synaptic functions. Increasing evidence demonstrate that α-Syn oligomers, forming at the early of aggregation, are cytotoxic and is thus related to brain neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we find that vitamin D (VD) can reduce neurocytotoxicity. The reduced neurocytotoxicity might be attributed to the less amount of large-sized α-Syn oligomers inhibited by VD, measured by electrochemical collision at single particle level, which are not observable with traditionally ensembled method. Single-cell amperometry (SCA) results show that VD can recover the amount of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis induced by α-Syn oligomers, further verifying the neuroprotection of VD. Our study reveals the neuroprotective role of VD through inhibiting α-Syn aggregation, which is envisioned to be of great importance in treatment and prevention of the neurodegenerative diseases.     

Review on the thickness measurement of ultrathin oxide films by mutual calibration method

Mutual calibration was suggested as a method to determine the absolute thickness of ultrathin oxide films. It was motivated from the large offset values in the reported thicknesses in the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) pilot study P-38 for the thickness measurement of SiO₂ films on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates in 2004. Large offset values from 0.5 to 1.0 nm were reported in the thicknesses by ellipsometry, X-ray reflectometry (XRR), medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the offset value for the thicknesses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was close to zero (−0.013 nm). From these results, the mutual calibration method was reported for the thickness measurement of SiO₂ films on Si(100) by combination of TEM and XPS. The mutual calibration method has been applied for the thickness measurements of hetero oxide films such as Al₂O₃ and HfO₂. Recently, the effect of surface contamination was reported to be critical to the thickness measurement of HfO₂ films by XPS. On the other hand, MEIS was proved to be a powerful zero offset method which is not affected by the surface contamination. As a result, the reference thicknesses in the CCQM pilot study P-190 for the thickness measurement of HfO₂ films on Si(100) substrate were determined by mutual calibration method from the average XRR data and MEIS analysis. Conclusively, the thicknesses of ultrathin oxide films can be traceably certified by mutual calibration method and most thickness measurement methods can be calibrated from the certified thicknesses.     

Corrosion prevention of mild steel in acidic medium by 2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid: Theoretical and experimental approach

The inhibition efficiency of 2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (PTCA) against mild steel (MS) corrosion was investigated in acidic solution by using quantum chemical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and electrochemical measurements. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic, potential zero charge (pzc) analysis and electrochemical noise (EN) measurements at various concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 mM) and immersion times were utilized in experimental part. The surface analysis was achieved scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact angle measurements in the absence and presence of 10 mM PTCA. According to DFT results, PTCA exhibited 3.737 eV band gap and 8.130 Debye dipole moment which were a signal of potentially convenient corrosion inhibitor properties. PTCA has a remarkable corrosion inhibition capability to mild steel, which inhibited both anodic and cathodic corrosion rates, relying on it's physically adsorption on the metal solution interface and protection ability was increased with increasing PTCA concentration. The obtained adsorption equilibrium constant was 11.11 × 10³ M^-1 and calculated standard free energy of adsorption was ?33.03 kJ mol^?1. The determined activation energy values were 55.58 kJ mol^?1 and 96.86 kJ mol^?1 in 0.5 M HCl in the absence and presence of 10 mM PTCA, respectively. PTCA demonstrated a strong inhibition efficiency of 98.3%, after 168 h immersion, according to the EIS results. As a consequently, we recommend that PTCA is a convenient inhibitor in 0.1 M HCl for mild steel protection against corrosion.     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

Graphene Nanocomposites Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Simultaneous Detection of Multi-drugs

Three reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were employed to achieve the simultaneous electrochemical determination of multi-drugs including acetaminophen (ACTM), carbendazim (CB) and ciprofloxacin (CFX). All nanocomposite modified electrodes showed improved current responses for three drugs. Notably cauliflower-like platinum nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (or Pt−RGO/GCE) exhibited the best performance in terms of electrochemical stability. Using Pt−RGO/GCE, the linear detect ranges of 30–120 μM, 25–115 μM and 10–25 μM, and detection limit values of 3.49, 2.96, and 1.53 μM were achieved for ACTM, CB and CFX respectively. The electrode was further used for the successful determination of above drugs in tap and river water using differential pulse voltammetry. From the obtained results, we believe that Pt-RGO/GCE is highly promising for the fabrication of robust electrochemical sensors for simultaneously determining ACTM, CB and CFX or similar types of drugs in the future.     

Avoiding Pitfalls in Comparison of Activity and Selectivity of Solid Catalysts for Electrochemical HMF Oxidation

Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) offers a renewable approach to produce the value-added platform chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The key for the economic viability of this approach is to develop active and selective electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, a reliable catalyst evaluation protocol is still missing, leading to elusive conclusions on criteria for a high-performing catalyst. Herein, we demonstrate that besides the catalyst identity, secondary parameters such as materials of conductive substrates for the working electrode, concentration of the supporting electrolyte, and electrolyzer configurations have profound impact on the catalyst performance and thus need to be optimized before assessing the true activity of a catalyst. Moreover, we highlight the importance of those secondary parameters in suppressing side reactions, which has long been overlooked. The protocol is validated by evaluating the performance of free-standing Cu-foam, and CuCoO modified with NaPO₂H₂ and Ni, which were immobilized on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Recommended practices and figure of merits in carefully evaluating the catalyst performance are proposed.