Thermal hazards of cracker mixture using DSC

DSC studies of cracker mixtures of different compositions of potassium nitrate, sulphur and aluminum have shown some critical characteristics either with the increase or decrease in the composition of the components. Specifically, sulphur composition below 8% showed no exothermic activity. The studies revealed that a minimum of 11% to a maximum of 17% of sulphur is required for good cracking characteristics. The kinetics of decomposition of cracker mixture is carried out employing DSC multiple heating rate kinetic method. Increase in sulphur content decrease the energy of activation facilitating easy ignition of the cracker mixtures. Arrhenius parameters for cracker mixture decomposition are reported in this paper.     

瞬态光谱测试仪在烟火方面的应用

用３５０～１１００ｎｍ瞬态光谱测试仪对烟火药剂进行谱测试，分析碱金属和碱土金属在烟火药火焰光谱中的辐射波段，计算各红外烟火剂的稳身指数。     

High‐Nitrogen‐Based Pyrotechnics: Perchlorate‐Free Red‐ and Green‐Light Illuminants Based on 5‐Aminotetrazole

Prototype testing of perchlorate‐free hand‐held signal illuminants for the US Army’s M126 A1 red‐star and M195 green‐star parachute illuminants are described. Although previous perchlorate‐free variants for these items have been developed based on high‐nitrogen compounds that are not readily available, the new formulations consist of anhydrous 5‐aminotetrazole as the suitable perchlorate replacement. Compared to the perchlorate‐containing control, the disclosed illuminants exhibited excellent stabilities toward various ignition stimuli and had excellent pyrotechnic performance. The illuminants are important from both military and civil fireworks perspectives, as the perchlorate‐free nature of the illuminants adequately address environmental concerns associated with perchlorate‐containing red‐ and green‐light‐emitting illuminants.     

Green Colorants Based on Energetic Azole Borates

The investigation of green‐burning boron‐based compounds as colorants in pyrotechnic formulations as alternative for barium nitrate, which is a hazard to health and to the environment, is reported. Metal‐free and nitrogen‐rich dihydrobis(5‐aminotetrazolyl)borate salts and dihydrobis(1,3,4‐triazolyl)borate salts have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and vibrational spectroscopy. Their thermal and energetic properties have been determined as well. Several pyrotechnic compositions using selected azolyl borate salts as green colorants were investigated. Formulations with ammonium dinitramide and ammonium nitrate as oxidizers and boron and magnesium as fuels were tested. The burn time, dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity, and luminous efficiency as well as the thermal and energetic properties of these compositions were measured.     

High‐Nitrogen‐Based Pyrotechnics: Development of Perchlorate‐Free Green‐Light Illuminants for Military and Civilian Applications

The development of perchlorate‐free hand‐held signal illuminants for the US Army’s M195 green star parachute is described. Compared with the perchlorate‐containing control, the optimized perchlorate‐free illuminants were less sensitive toward various ignition stimuli while offering comparable burn times and visible‐light outputs. The results were also important from the perspective of civilian fireworks because the development of perchlorate‐free illuminants remains an important objective of the commercial fireworks industry.