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21.
李玉同  徐妙华  张杰 《物理》2007,36(1):39-45
近几年来,由于高功率激光技术的不断发展,利用超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用产生高能离子束的研究得到了极大推动.实验和理论模拟均发现,在超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用过程中,可以产生高亮度、小尺寸、方向性好的高能质子束和高能重离子束.这种基于超强激光的高能离子源在先进离子束成像技术、惯性约束聚变混合“快点火”、新型台面离子加速器以及医疗等方面都有很诱人的应用前景.文章主要介绍了超强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能离子束(尤其是质子束)的加速机制、高能离子束特性、常用测量方法及其潜在应用,并对最新的研究进展进行了简单介绍.  相似文献   
22.
Finite pulse durations in diverse pulse schemes lead to the reduction of the magnitude of the magnetization vector due to T1 and T2 effects during the radio-frequency pulses. This paper presents an analysis of the steady state signal in the presence of relaxation effects during radio-frequency pulses in MRI spoiled gradient echo sequences. It is shown that minor attenuations of the magnetization vector can have dramatic consequences on the measured signal, and may thus entail a loss in SNR benefits at high static magnetic fields if a careful analysis is not performed. It is emphasized that it is the time-integrated magnetization vector trajectory that matters for these effects and not only the pulse duration. Some experimental results obtained on a phantom at 3 T verify this analysis.  相似文献   
23.
The SERF experiment is a variant of the homonuclear J-resolved experiment, in which a single coupling constant is measured. It consists of a single chemical shift selective excitation that is followed by a biselective spin echo. Recent articles mention the existence of artefacts in SERF spectra that are supposedly related to pulse imperfections. This article presents a detailed study of the biselective refocusing pulses. It also reports a method for predicting the position and amplitude of the expected and unexpected 2D spectral peaks in SERF spectra. Artefacts can be partially eliminated by phase cycling or by the introduction of static field gradient pulses in the acquisition sequence. A procedure to obtain of pure absorption peaks in SERF spectra is proposed.  相似文献   
24.
A new technique of spectral compression of femtosecond pulses, based on their frequency intermodulation in the frequency mixing process, is demonstrated experimentally. In the exploited phenomenon of frequency intermodulation the phase of the reference pulse is superimposed on the signal instead of phase self- or cross-modulation used in traditional spectral compressors. In the process of frequency mixing a twelve-fold aberration-free spectral compression of 100 fs pulses has been achieved experimentally.  相似文献   
25.
The rotation of a spin subject to an on-resonance soft pulse and simultaneously to a soft pulse at a nearby frequency may strongly deviate from the desired rotation expected for a single on-resonance pulse. The deviation is the result of transient frequency shifts of the spin caused by the off-resonance irradiation. We show that the resulting error can be corrected by shifting the frequency of the on-resonance pulse in such a way that it tracks the shift of the spin frequency. Experimentally, the effectiveness of this simple and intuitive method is demonstrated for simultaneous inversions at nearby frequencies in the case of both coupled and uncoupled spins. Simulations predict that the correction technique is effective for arbitrary pulse shapes and tip angles and is particularly useful when the frequency window of the shaped pulse is two to eight times the frequency separation between the chemical shifts of the two spins.  相似文献   
26.
The use of chiral liquid crystals as NMR solvent is a powerful tool to visualize and quantify enantiomers. This technique is much more robust than traditional liquid state techniques. Recent developments have been performed to simplify proton spectra obtained in these solvents which are usually complex to analyze. In the different published sequences the enantiomeric differentiation can be visualized but none of them rely the different (1)H-(1)H couplings to have a coherent set for each enantiomer especially in cases of racemic mixtures. In this work to overcome such limitations, we present a new NMR pulse sequence using semi-selective pulses to assign for each enantiomer the different (1)H-(1)H couplings. The aim is to obtain the signal of only one enantiomer, through a first Selective ReFocussing (SERF) filtering block implemented for the enantio-selection followed by a second SERF block for measuring a chosen coupling. The whole sequence is called (1)H SERF-filtered-SERF. These techniques permit for the first time to assign all dipolar couplings to each enantiomer of racemic mixtures dissolved in chiral oriented media. We demonstrate that using this experiment it is possible to visualize enantio-differentiation even in the case where the multiplets are not resolved in the SERF experiments, pushing back the limits of the enantiomeric visualization.  相似文献   
27.
    
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28.
We compare radiation of plasma flares produced on exposure of metals to laser radiation in a monopulse generation mode in the case of single and double pulses with change in air pressure. For double pulses, we established an increase in the duration and intensity of the radiation of spectral lines and also an analogy between the change in their intensities and those of single pulses obtained at a reduced air pressure.  相似文献   
29.
A modified version of the echo-planar imaging technique incorporating a Carr–Purcell train of 180° rf pulses (PEPI) has been implemented on a standard spectrometer. It is demonstrated that artifacts in the image due to cumulative errors in the rf field can be reduced by replacing each 180° pulse by a composite sequence of three rf pulses. Artifact-free 3D images at 94 μm voxel resolution are obtained within 15 min. This technique has been applied to study the drying process in an initially water-saturated model porous medium with characteristicT*2of order 700 μs.  相似文献   
30.
It is known that local refractive index change occurs when femtosecond laser pulses with extremely high peak power are launched into glass. We focused 130-femtosecond laser pulses of 800 nm into the bulk of glass and examined the shape of the induced refractive index change. We found that the length of the spot of the refractive index change along the optical axis reached about 30 μm despite the diameter being about 2 μm. To estimate the distribution of induced refractive index change, we fabricated Bragg grating by scanning the focused spot and calculated the amount of the change by applying Kogelnik’s coupled mode theory to the measured diffraction efficiencies of the higher order diffracted beams.  相似文献   
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