Effects of irradiation on trans fatty acids formation in ground beef

In order to give the consumer the assurance that meat processed by irradiation is a safe product, a great deal of research has been developed in the world. The effect of irradiation on the hygienic quality of meat and meat products is considered as related to the control of meat-borne parasites of humans; elimination of pathogens from fresh meat and poultry; and elimination of pathogens from processed meat. Lipid oxidation and associated changes are the major causes of the quality deterioration of meat during storage. Irradiation of lipids induces the production of free radicals, which react with oxygen, leading to the formation of carbonyls, responsible for alterations in food nutritional and sensorial characteristics. Trans fatty acids are present in ground beef and can also be formed during its processing. Interestingly, the trans fatty acids, due to their chemical and physical characteristics, show more resistance to the oxidizing process. This property motivated us to investigate the level of the trans fatty acids, as well as the level of oxidation in irradiated ground beef. Irradiation of ground beef was performed by gamma rays from a ⁶⁰Co source. The applied radiation doses were 0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0 kGy. Lipid peroxidation in terms of TBA number and carbonyl content was monitored during storage. The sample characteristics and trans fatty acids composition were measured, following irradiation and after 60 and 90 days of storage at –10°C.     

γ-Radiation Effects on the Thermal Stability of Bovine γ-Globulin

Low-dose γ-radiation produces subtle effects on bovine γ-globulin, as revealed by calorimetric investigations carried out on concentrated aqueous solutions. The irradiation rate used seems below the threshold that allows complete protein denaturation; the denaturation temperature, T_d, remained unaffected; nonetheless, modifications of the shape of the calorimetric signal reveal that other changes, such as the dissociation of protein oligomers, could take place. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Periodic Solution of a Nonautonomous Diffusive Food Chain System of Three Species with Time Delays

Abstract By using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory,the existence of a positive periodicsolution for a nonautonomous diffusive food chain system of three species. dx_1(t)/dt=x_1(t)[r_1(t)-a_(11)(t)x_1(t)-a_(12)(t)x_2(t)]+D_1(t)[y(t)-x_1(t)], dx_2(t)/dt=x_2(t)[-r_2(t)+a_(21)(t)x_1(t-r_1)-a_(22)(t)x_2(t)-a_(23)(t)x_3(t)], dx_3(t)/dt=x_3(t)[-r_3(t)+a_(32)(t)x_2(t-r_2)-a_(33)(t)x_3(t)], dy(t)/dt=y(t)[r_4(t)-a_(44)(t)y(t)]+D_2(t)[x_1(t)-y(t)]+D_2(t)[x_1(t)-y(t)],is established,where,r_i(t),a_(ii)(t)(i=1,2,3,4),D_i(t)(i=1,2),a_(12)(t),a_(21)(t),a_(23)(t)and a_(32)(t) are all positiveperiodic continuous functions with period w>0,T_i(i=1,2)are positive constants.     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱/质谱法测定高温烹制的淀粉类食品中的丙烯酰胺

以C18反相色谱柱为分析柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇(体积比为98∶2)为流动相,采用同位素稀释液相色谱-电喷雾 质谱/质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术对加热淀粉类食品中的丙烯酰胺进行了测定。利用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱对样品进行净化。方 法的线性范围为10～500 μg/L,线性相关系数为0.9995。方法的定性检出限为6 μg/kg,定量检出限为20 μg/kg。高 、中、低3个浓度水平的加标回收率为96.8%~97.4%,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查减肥类中药及保健品中非法添加30种化学药

建立了中药及保健品中30种减肥类化学药的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)快速筛查方法。实验优化了前处理方法、色谱分离条件和质谱参数。样品采用甲醇超声萃取,Agilent poroshell 120 ECC18(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水溶液(含10 mmol/L甲酸铵,0.1%甲酸,10%甲醇),梯度洗脱,流速0.25 m L/min,采用正负离子切换模式的电喷雾质谱检测,多反应选择离子监测(MRM)。该方法能同时筛查30种化学药,覆盖面广,简便、快速、准确可靠,已用于减肥类中药及保健品中非法添加化学药的筛查及检测。     

Fractionation and Bioaccessibility of Manganese,Copper, Zinc,Cadmium, and Lead in Commercial Vegetable and Rice Baby Foods Using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with Central Composite Design (CCD)

Abstract

Herein the bioaccessibility of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, selected from essential and toxic elements, was determined in commercially sold vegetable purees intended for infant and toddler consumption. Chemical fractionation studies using water, acetone, diethyl ether, chloroform:methanol, and n-hexane were employed to predict the importance of the protein and lipid parts of a matrix to assess the bioaccessibility data. In addition, in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed to determine the bioaccessibility of the elements using a five level, three factor central composite design (CCD) to maximize the elemental solubility. The total elemental concentrations in all of the fractions were determined by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on the consumption of one jar of vegetable/rice-based baby food, Zn was 1.3% of the recommended dietary allowance and Mn was 4.2% of the adequate intake level, while Cu was almost 100% of the adequate intake level. Additionally, Pb was always below the detection limit and Cd was sometimes under the detection limit for the percent bioaccessibility. However, in some samples, Cd was as high as 80% of the tolerable weekly intake level depending on the body weight.     

中国富硒食品的生产现状及趋势

对硒的生物学作用和目前已经开发的富硒食品(富硒西瓜、富硒灵芝、富硒茶叶、富硒牛奶、富硒猪肉和富硒鸡蛋等)进行了概述。当前富硒食品的技术含量大多偏低,技术水平有待提高;价廉物美的富硒食品受市场欢迎,科学论证富硒食品的转化机制是今后科研的一个方向。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Optimization Studies of Starch/Chicken Gelatin Composites for Food-Packaging Applications

The indiscriminate use of plastic in food packaging contributes significantly to environmental pollution, promoting the search for more eco-friendly alternatives for the food industry. This work studied five formulations (T1–T5) of biodegradable cassava starch/gelatin films. The results showed the presence of the starch/gelatin functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a thermal reinforcement after increasing the amount of gelatin in the formulations, which increased the crystallization temperature (Tc) from 190 °C for the starch-only film (T1) to 206 °C for the film with 50/50 starch/gelatin (T3). It also exhibited a homogeneous surface morphology, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, an excess of gelatin showed low compatibility with starch in the 25/75 starch/gelatin film (T4), evidenced by the low Tc definition and very rough and fractured surface morphology. Increasing gelatin ratio also significantly increased the strain (from 2.9 ± 0.5% for T1 to 285.1 ± 10.0% for T5) while decreasing the tensile strength (from 14.6 ± 0.5 MPa for T1 to 1.5 ± 0.3 MPa for T5). Water vapor permeability (WVP) increased, and water solubility (WS) also decreased with gelatin mass rising in the composites. On the other hand, opacity did not vary significantly due to the films’ cassava starch and gelatin ratio. Finally, optimizing the mechanical and water barrier properties resulted in a mass ratio of 53/47 cassava starch/gelatin as the most appropriate for their application in food packaging, indicating their usefulness in the food-packaging industry.     

Nature’s Chemical Signatures in Human Olfaction: A Foodborne Perspective for Future Biotechnology

The biocatalytic production of flavor naturals that determine chemosensory percepts of foods and beverages is an ever challenging target for academic and industrial research. Advances in chemical trace analysis and post‐genomic progress at the chemistry–biology interface revealed odor qualities of nature’s chemosensory entities to be defined by odorant‐induced olfactory receptor activity patterns. Beyond traditional views, this review and meta‐analysis now shows characteristic ratios of only about 3 to 40 genuine key odorants for each food, from a group of about 230 out of circa 10 000 food volatiles. This suggests the foodborn stimulus space has co‐evolved with, and roughly match our circa 400 olfactory receptors as best natural agonists. This perspective gives insight into nature’s chemical signatures of smell, provides the chemical odor codes of more than 220 food samples, and beyond addresses industrial implications for producing recombinants that fully reconstruct the natural odor signatures for use in flavors and fragrances, fully immersive interactive virtual environments, or humanoid bioelectronic noses.     

The use of Agrobacterium tumefacients immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a new biosorbent for the column preconcentration of iron(III), cobalt(II), manganese(II) and chromium(III)

A microorganism Agrobacterium tumefacients as an immobilized cell on a solid support was presented as a new biosorbent for the enrichment of Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III) prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. Amberlite XAD-4 was used as a support material for column preconcentration. Various parameters such as pH, amount of adsorbent, eluent type and volume, flow rate of sample solution, volume of sample solution and matrix interference effect on the retention of the metal ions have been studied. The optimum pH for the sorption of above mentioned metal ions were about 6, 8, 8 and 6, respectively. The loading capacity of adsorbent for Co(II) and Mn(II) were found to be 29 and 22 μmol g⁻¹, respectively. The recoveries of Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III), under the optimum conditions were found to be 99 ± 3, 99 ± 2, 98 ± 3 and 98 ± 3%, respectively, at the 95% confidence level. The limit of detection was 3.6, 3.0, 2.8 and 3.6 ng ml⁻¹ for Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr (III), respectively, by applying a preconcentration factor of 25. The proposed enrichment method was applied for metal ion determination from water samples, alloy samples, infant foods and certified samples such as whey powder (IAEA-155) and aluminum alloy (NBS SRM 85b). The analytes were determined with a relative error lower than 10% in all samples.