Herba Ecliptae Protects against Hydroxyl Radical‐induced Damages to DNA and Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Antioxidant Mechanism

Herba Ecliptae (HE) is a typical Chinese herbal medicine used in China for 1500 years. In the study, HE was extracted by various solvents to prepare five HE extracts. They were observed to possess a protective effect against ×OH‐induced DNA damage, and scavenging effects on ×OH radical, ×O₂^? radical, DPPH×(1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical, and ABTS×⁺ (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical, and reduce Cu²⁺ ion. The contents of total phenolics and wedelolactone in five extracts were determined respectively using Folin‐Ciocalteu method and HPLC method. To identify which chemical component can be responsible for its effects, the correlation graphs between chemical contents and antioxidant abilities (1/IC₅₀ values) were plotted to calculate correlation coefficients (R values). Finally, MTT assay revealed that two HE extracts could effectively protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against ×OH‐induced damage at 3‐30 μg/mL. On the basis of mechanistic analysis, we concluded that: (i) HE can effectively protect against ×OH‐induced damages to DNA and MSCs, thereby HE may have a therapeutic potential in MSCs transplantation or prevention of many diseases; (ii) the effects can be mainly attributed to total phenolics (R = 0.678) especially wedelolactone (R = 0.618); (iii) they exert antioxidant action via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and sequential electron proton transfer (SEPT) mechanisms.     

A DFT study on proton transfers in hydrolysis reactions of phosphate dianion and sulfate monoanion

B3LYP calculations were carried out on hydrolysis reactions of monosubstituted(R) phosphate dianion and sulfate monoanion. In the reacting system, water clusters (H₂O)₂₂ and (H₂O)₃₅ are included to trace reaction paths. For both P and S substrates with R = methyl group, elementary processes were calculated. While the phosphate undergoes the substitution at the phosphorus, the sulfate does at the methyl carbon. For the S substrate with R = neopentyl group, the product tert‐amyl alcohol was found to be formed via a dyotropic rearrangement from the neopentyl alcohol intermediate. For R = aryl groups, transition‐state geometries were calculated to be similar between P and S substrates. Calculated activation energies are in good agreement with experimental values. After the rate‐determining transition state of the substitution, the hydronium ion H₃O⁺ is formed at the third water molecule. It was suggested that alkyl and aryl substrates are of the different reactivity of the hydrolysis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Charge collection of single event effects at Bragg's peak

Using Geant4 Monte Carlo code and Technology Computer-Aided Design(TCAD) simulation,energy deposition and charge collection of single event effects(SEE) are studied,which are induced by low-energy protons and α particles in small feature size devices.We analyzed charge collection of SEE especially at Bragg's peak and obtained two types of deposited energy distributions of protons and α particles at different incident energies.The two components of the total charge collected are quantified,which are due to d...     

激光二极管端面纵向泵浦Nd:YVO_4激光器的热效应研究

针对激光二极管端面纵向泵浦Nd:YVO4激光器,本文理论和实验详细研究了Nd:YVO4晶体的热透镜效应。在激光二极管的中心波长分别为808nm和880nm及分别采用单端端面纵向泵浦和双端端面纵向泵浦结构情况下,实验测量了Nd:YVO4晶体的热透镜焦距,实验结果和理论预测基本吻合。同时在泵浦功率60W时获得了18.8W的连续基横模激光输出。     

基于受激布里渊散射的新型多级慢光延时结构的研究

设计了一种基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)的新型多级慢光延时结构.该多级延时结构将两段慢光延时介质用两个环形器相连接,使经过一级延时后剩余的抽运光经过环形器进入到第二段慢光延时介质中作为二级延时的抽运.该结构与传统的多级慢光延时结构相比,不需要为每段延时介质提供独立的抽运系统,结构简单,抽运光利用率高,延时效果显著.实验选...     

倾斜角度对流动沸腾换热影响的实验研究

本文对直管和螺旋管在不同倾角下的换热特性进行了实验研究和比较,获得了二者随着热流密度和质量流量变化时不同倾角下的平均换热系数.实验结果表明,倾角对直管和螺旋管的平均换热系数的影响都不大,不同倾角下平均换热系数最大差别对于直管约为10%,对于螺旋管则为20%.     

A relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory description of N=3 isotones

The ground-state properties of N=3 isotones and mirror nuclei have been investigated in the Rrelativistic Continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with the NLSH effective interaction. Pairing correlations are taken into account by a density-dependent δ-force. The calculations show that the proton density distributions of ⁸B and ⁹C have a long tail, the core has an increasing tendency of ⁹C and the paired off valence protons make the halo distribution shrink. The cross sections for the ⁸B(⁹C)+¹²C reaction which are consistent with the experimental data are calculated using the Glauber model. On the whole, we think that ⁸B is a one-proton halo nucleus and ⁹C is a two-proton halo nucleus.     

Spin correlations in nonperturbative electron–positron pair creation by petawatt laser pulses colliding with a TeV proton beam

The influence of the electron spin degree of freedom on nonperturbative electron–positron pair production by high-energy proton impact on an intense laser field of circular polarization is analyzed. Predictions from the Dirac and Klein–Gordon theories are compared and a spin-resolved calculation is performed. We show that the various spin configurations possess very different production probabilities and discuss the transfer of helicity in this highly nonlinear process. Our predictions could be tested by combining the few-TeV proton beam at CERN-LHC with an intense laser pulse from a table-top petawatt laser source.     

ab-Initio Study of Hydrogen Bond Networks in 1,2,3-Triazole Phases

The research in storage and conversion of energy is an everlasting process. The use of fuel cells is very tempting but up to now there are still several conceptual challenges to overcome. Especially, the requirement of liquid water causes difficulties due to the temperature limit. Therefore, imidazoles and triazoles are increasingly investigated in a manifold of experimental and theoretical publications as they are both very promising in overcoming this problem. Recently, triazoles were found to be superior to imidazoles in proton conduction. An ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation of pure triazole phases for investigating the behavior of both tautomer species of the triazole molecule has never been done. In this work, we investigate the structural and dynamical properties of two different solid phases and the liquid phase at two different temperatures. We are able to show how the distinct tautomers contribute to the mechanism of proton conduction, to compute dynamical properties of the four systems and to suggest a mechanism of reorientation in solid phase.     

Photoredox Catalysis of Aromatic β‐Ketoesters for in Situ Production of Transient and Persistent Radicals for Organic Transformation

Radical formation is the initial step for conventional radical chemistry. Reported herein is a unified strategy to generate radicals in situ from aromatic β‐ketoesters by using a photocatalyst. Under visible‐light irradiation, a small amount of photocatalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)₃ generates a transient α‐carbonyl radical and persistent ketyl radical in situ. In contrast to the well‐established approaches, neither stoichiometric external oxidant nor reductant is required for this reaction. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by pinacol coupling of ketyl radicals and benzannulation of α‐carbonyl radicals with alkynes to give a series of highly substituted 1‐naphthols in good to excellent yields. The readily available photocatalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional‐group tolerance make this reaction a useful synthetic tool.