A compact optical heterodyne interferometer by optical integration and its application

A compact high-resolution optical heterodyne interferometer combining a two-frequency light module and a minute optical system is described. The light module, which generates two independent frequencies of light, is fabricated by proton exchange method on LiNbO₃ substrate. We report an experiment evaluating measurement accuracy using a micro-displacement measurement system which incorporates this interferometer. Results of the experiment with a standard thickness sample show high thermal stability with maximum measurement error of 1.8 nm at a temperature from 19°C to 33°C. The system was used to measure the hysteresis of a piezoelectric element for displacements of several nm, thereby making it possible to analyze the system quantitatively in practice.     

Calculated elastic constants of dilute alloys based on bcc metals

The elastic constants of dilute alloys based on bcc metals have been calculated using the Green’s function method obtaining explicit expressions for change in elastic constants in terms oft-matrix. The crystal impurity problem is discussed within an impurity model containing central and non-central force constant changes extended up to second neighbours of the impurity. The effect of volume change on elastic constants and a contribution from electron pressure term are considered. Numerical results for changes in three elastic moduli have been presented for a number of dilute alloys based on Mo, Nb, W, Ta and V.     

Effect of the three-body force on triton asymptotic normalization constants by the hyperspherical harmonics expansion method

We investigate the change in the calculated value of asymptotic normalization constant (ANC) by the hyperspherical harmonics expansion method with the inclusion of three nucleon force (3BF) in addition to two nucleon force. We see that ANC does not change very much with the inclusion of 3BF indicating that the 3BF does not alter the asymptotic behaviours of HHE wavefunction significantly.     

An Improved Anharmonic Force Field of Difluoromethanimine, F2C NH

The anharmonic force field of difluoromethanimine, F₂C NH, has been reinvestigated theoretically using a coupled-cluster singles and doubles approach, augmented for structural optimization and harmonic force field by a contribution of connected triple excitations, CCSD(T). The cubic and quartic force constants have been obtained by numerical derivatives computed from analytical quadratic force constants calculated by second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, MP2. The quadratic force constants and the equilibrium structure of F₂C NH have then been scaled by a global least-squares fitting procedure to the spectroscopic data and parameters experimentally determined for this molecule. This force field, obtained in the internal coordinates space and therefore valid for all isotopomers of difluoromethanimine, yields a complete set of spectroscopic molecular constants providing a critical assessment of the experimental rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, fundamentals, overtones, and combination bands determined so far for F₂C NH. In addition, the final force field can be used to make predictions of all important vibrational and rotational parameters which should be accurate and useful for new spectroscopic investigations.     

Evolution of stress and strain relaxation of Ge and SiGe alloy films on Si(0 0 1)

The growth of Ge and SiGe alloy films on Si substrates has attracted considerable interest in the last years because of their importance for optoelectronic devices as well as Si-based high speed transistors. Here we give a short overview on our recent real time stress measurements of Ge and SiGe alloy films on Si(0 0 1) performed with a sensitive cantilever beam technique and accompanied by structural investigations with atomic force microscopy. Characteristic features in the stress curves provide detailed insight into the development and relief of the misfit strain. For the Stranski–Krastanow system Ge/Si(0 0 1) as well as for SiGe films with Si contents below 20%, the strain relaxation proceeds mainly into two steps: (i) by the formation of 3D islands on top of the Ge wetting layer; (ii) via misfit dislocations in larger 3D islands and upon their percolation.     

Quantitative measurement of tip-sample forces by dynamic force spectroscopy in ambient conditions

We introduce a dynamic force spectroscopy technique enabling the quantitative measurement of conservative and dissipative tip-sample forces in ambient conditions. In difference to the commonly detected force-vs-distance curves dynamic force microscopy allows to measure the full range of tip-sample forces without hysteresis effects caused by a jump-to-contact. The approach is based on the specific behavior of a self-driven cantilever (frequency-modulation technique). Experimental applications on different samples (Fischer-sample, silicon wafer) are presented.     

共轴均匀带电薄圆盘间的相互作用力

本文利用静电场的高斯定律和环路定律巧妙地求出了均匀带电圆盘在空间任一点所产生的电场 ,进而计算出了共轴均匀带电薄圆盘之间的相互作用力     

Quantum-Chemical Evaluation of the Protolytic Properties of Thiophenols

The enthalpies and free energies of proton affinity (PA) were calculated by the PM3 method for 27 thiophenoxide anions. For thiophenols, linear correlation has been found between the PAs and the values of pK _a measured by different authors in aqueous acetone, aqueous ethanol, and methanol media. The dependences found permit one to predict a priori the protolytic properties of thiophenols. The differential effects of aqueous ethanol media with different ethanol contents on thiophenol acidity were evaluated based on quantum-chemical data.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by A. N. Pankratov and A. V. Shalabai__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 800–806, September–October, 2004.     

短脉冲激光尾流场中的前向Raman散射

用212维粒子模拟分析了前向Raman散射对激光尾流场加速电子的影响.前向Raman散射使脉冲长度在传播方向上被拉长，脉冲后沿变陡，产生的尾流场相速度明显减小，而且超热电子的最大动能明显小于理论估计值.此外激光频率整体向低频移动.     

Experimental study and mathematical modelling of a new of vibro-impact moling device

In this paper experimental study and mathematical modelling of newly designed vibro-impact moling rig are presented. The design is based on electro-mechanical interactions of a conductor with an oscillating magnetic field. The rig consists of a metal bar placed within a solenoid which is connected to an RLC circuit, and an obstacle block positioned nearby. Both the solenoid and the block are attached to a base board. Externally supplied alternating voltage causes the bar to oscillate and hit the block resulting in the forward motion of the base board mimicking a mole penetration through the soil. By varying the excitation voltage and the capacitance in the circuit, a variety of system responses can be obtained.In the paper the rig design and experimental procedure are explained in detail, and the mathematical modelling of the rig is described. Then the obtained coupled electro-mechanical equations of motion are integrated numerically, and a comparison between experimental results and numerical predictions is presented.