Novel Annonaceous acetogenins from Graviola (Annona muricata) fruits with strong anti-proliferative activity

Five bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins, including three new compounds, annonamuricins A (1), B (2), and C (3), one registered but no spectral data reported compounds, annonamuricin D (4), and one known compound annonacin (5) were isolated from Graviola fruit (Annona muricata) and further determined through bioassay-guided fractionation. All five compounds are C35 Anonnonaceous acetogenins with a mono-tetrahydrofuran ring and four hydroxyls. Their structures were elucidated using spectral methods as well as chemical modification after isolation via chromatographic techniques and HPLC purification. These acetogenins demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activities against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.     

Double‐Layer Nanogold and Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer‐ Functionalized PVC Membrane Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Immunoassay of Total Prostate Specific Antigen

A simple and portable electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of total prostate specific antigen (t‐PSA) in human serum was developed using a double‐layer nanogold particles and dendrimer‐functionalized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane as immunosensing interface. To fabricate such a multifunctional PVC electrode, an o‐phenylenediamine‐doped PVC membrane was initially constructed, then nanogold particles and poly(amidoamine) G4‐dendrimer with a sandwich‐type format were assembled onto the PVC membrane surface, and then t‐PSA antibodies (anti‐PSA) were adsorbed on the nanogold surface. The detection principle of the immunosensor is based on the change in the electric potential before and after the antigen‐antibody interaction. The experimental conditions and the factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibits good electrochemical behavior in the dynamic range of 0.5–18 ng/mL relative to t‐PSA concentration with a relative low detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL (S/N=3). The precision, reproducibility, and stability of the immunosensor are acceptable. In addition, 43 serum specimens were assayed by the as‐prepared immunosensor, and consistent results were obtained in comparison with those obtained by the standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the conventional ELISAs, the developed immunoassay system was simple and rapid without labeling and separation steps. Importantly, the immobilization and detection methodologies could be extended for the immobilization and detection of other biomarkers.     

Androgen receptor in the Mongolian gerbil ventral prostate: evaluation during different phases of postnatal development and following androgen blockage

The normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of the morphofunctional integrity of the prostate gland are dependent on the interaction of constant levels of androgens with their receptors. The need to study the responses to hormones under several conditions and the effect of their blockage is due to the fact that the human prostate is the site of a great number of age-related diseases, and the ones with a major medical importance are prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which can both be treated with androgen suppression. Seventy-five male gerbils were divided, randomly, into 3 groups of 25 animals each, where each group corresponded to one phase of postnatal development. In each phase, it was possible to morphologically and stereologically analyze the compartments of prostatic ventral lobe, as well as to immunohistochemically analyze the degree of expression of androgen receptors (ARs) after the androgen blockage therapies. In addition, it was possible to establish the hormonal dosage of serum testosterone levels given the comparative approach of the expression of androgen receptors. There is a pattern of AR distribution in the prostatic ventral lobe throughout postnatal development, in which the younger the animal is the higher, the interaction of circulating androgens that stimulate the AR expression in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. The androgen blockage therapies decreased AR expression in the prostatic compartments, but the androgen reposition after these blockages was not sufficient to recover the glandular structure or stimulate the AR expression up to normal physiological conditions. Both the regulation and distribution of androgen receptors along the gerbil prostatic tissues are complex mechanisms that are likely to be genetically regulated by androgens prenatally or by other factors that are still unknown. This rodent species seems to be a valuable model in the attempt to improve the understanding of the morphophysiological and pathological behavior of this important gland in humans throughout aging and to stimulate new therapeutic ideas to fight prostate cancer.     

Influence of the dipeptide linker configuration on the activity of PSMA ligands

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Heparin‐gold Nanoparticles and Liquid Crystal Applied in Label‐free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Prostate‐specific Antigen

A label‐free electrochemical immunosensor based on the liquid crystal (E)‐1‐decyl‐4‐[(4‐decyloxyphenyl)diazenyl]pyridinium bromide (Br−Py), together with heparin‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP‐Hep) and Nafion is proposed for the determination of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The Br−Py liquid crystal presented redox properties and good film‐forming abilities on the electrode surface, and thus it is a suitable alternative as a redox probe for a label‐free electrochemical immunosensor, which could simplify the analysis methodology. The stepwise construction of the immunosensor and the incubation process (immunocomplex formation) were characterized by voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed immunosensor could directly detect PSA concentrations in the incubation samples, based on the suppression of the Br−Py redox peak (‘base peak’) current. After optimization, the immunosensor exhibited a linear response to PSA concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 50 ng mL⁻¹, with a calculated detection limit of 0.08 ng mL⁻¹. The reproducibility (coefficient of variance less than 3.0 %), selectivity and accuracy of the methodology were adequate. The immunosensor was satisfactorily applied in the quantification of PSA in human blood plasma samples.     

实时超声引导经会阴/直肠前列腺系统精准活检在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

为探讨实时超声引导经会阴/直肠前列腺系统精准活检在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值,本研究回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年12月于我院接受前列腺穿刺活检的150例疑似前列腺癌患者的完整临床资料,将行实时超声引导经会阴前列腺活检的74例患者纳入A组,其中前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)灰区患者26例;将行实时超声引导经直肠前列腺系统精准活检的76例患者纳入B组,其中PSA灰区患者28例,比较各组患者一般资料、前列腺癌检出率、PSA灰区前列腺癌检出率,以及术后并发症情况。结果显示,两组年龄、PSA水平、前列腺体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组穿刺针数及手术时间均高于B组(P<0.05);A组PSA灰区患者前列腺癌检出率高于B组(P<0.05);A组血便发生率低于B组(P<0.05)。实时超声引导经会阴与经直肠前列腺系统精准活检在前列腺癌诊断中的检出率相当,但针对PSA灰区患者而言,经会阴穿刺活检的检出率更高,且术后血便等并发症发生率低,安全性更高。     

新型有机-无机杂化材料(C_3H_5N_2)_4·PMo~ⅤMo_(11)~(Ⅵ)O_(40)·4DMF·2H_2O的合成、结构及抗前列腺癌活性研究

制备了有机 -无机杂化材料 (C3H5N2 ) 4PMo Mo 1 1 O4 0 · 4DMF· 2 H2 O.用元素分析、红外光谱和 X射线衍射对其进行了表征 ,该晶体属三斜晶系 ,P1空间群 ,晶胞参数为 a=1 .2 42 3 (3 ) nm,b=1 .2 666(3 )nm,c=1 .3 3 41 (3 ) nm,V=1 .742 3 (6) nm3,α=70 .5 6(3 )°,β=71 .1 6(3 )°,γ=64.1 8(3 )°,Z=1 ,R1 =0 .0 5 85 ,w R2 =0 .1 885 .结构解析表明 ,十二钼磷酸阴离子和质子化的咪唑分子通过静电引力和氢键相互作用 .采用 MTT法 ,对其体外抗前列腺癌活性及毒性进行了研究     

Colloidal Stability and Cytotoxicity of Polydopamine-Conjugated Gold Nanorods against Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Cell invasion is an important step in the process of cancer metastasis. Herein, gold nanorods (GNRs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GNRs were conjugated with polydopamine (PDA). The PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated excellent colloidal stability upon lyophilization and dispersion in cell culture media with or without the addition of fetal bovine albumin (FBS), compared to unconjugated GNRs. PDA-nanoconjugates exhibited a considerable cytotoxicity against DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines over a concentration range of 48 μg/mL–12 μg/mL, while they were biocompatible over a concentration range of 3.0 μg/mL–0.185 μg/mL. Furthermore, PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated possible anti-invasion activity towards prostate cancer cell lines, particularly DU-145 cell line, by reducing cell migration and cell adhesion properties. The PDA-nanoconjugates could be considered a promising nano-platform toward cancer treatment by reducing the invasion activity; it could also be considered a drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents.     

取代嘧啶衍生物抗前列腺癌活性的3D-QSAR研究

运用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法,建立18种取代嘧啶衍生物抗前列腺癌活性(pM)的三维定量构效关系。训练集中15个化合物用于建立预测模型,测试集13个化合物(含10号模板分子和新设计的9个分子)作为模型验证。建立的CoMFA模型的交叉验证系数(R_ev²)、非交叉验证系数(R²)分别为0.344、0.935,说明所建模型具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的预测能力。该模型中立体场、静电场贡献率依次为71.6%、28.6%。影响取代嘧啶衍生物抗前列腺癌活性的主要因素是取代基的疏水作用和空间位阻,其次是取代基的库仑力、氢键及配位作用。基于此研究结果,设计了9个新化合物,其抗前列腺癌活性有待医学实验验证。     

Choice of the optimal synthetic approach for the polypeptide ligands of prostatic specific membrane antigen preparation

Two alternative synthetic schemes involving solid-phase peptide synthesis steps for the preparation of prostatic specific membrane antigen ligands based on Glu-Urea-Lys with peptide fragments in the linker structure are compared. In the first approach, the amino acid key intermediate is attached to the 2-CTC resin by the carboxy group while in the second approach, by the amino one. The preference for each approach is dependent on the particular target molecule