Polypropylene ionic thermoplastic elastomers: Synthesis and properties

Polypropylene ionic thermoplastic elastomers have been prepared by melt radical grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide followed by neutralization of the resulting elastomeric grafted polypropylene using sodium salts. Sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate were compared in aqueous solution, as anhydrous or hydrated powders. The neutralization reaction was followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, allowing the development of a method to determine the effective neutralization degree. Important physical changes were recorded upon neutralization. Especially thermal stability, shear storage modulus and complex viscosity in the flow region were largely increased as a function of the neutralization degree.     

Controlled “Grafting-from” of poly[styrene-co-maleic anhydride] onto polydienes using nitroxide chemistry

High-throughput experimentation was used for the functionalization of polybutadiene and polyisoprene with several kinds of nitroxide moieties at 135 °C, as well as for kinetic investigations of the controlled free radical grafting of styrene and maleic anhydride onto the functionalized polydienes at 125 °C. The functionalized polymers were analyzed by GPC, ¹H NMR and FT-IR and the control of the grafting process was assessed by kinetic measurements and GPC analysis. The best control in the molecular weight of the grafts was observed for the polydienes functionalized with 4-oxo-TEMPO. TEMPO functionalization did not render sufficient nitroxide moieties to achieve controlled grafting, while polydienes functionalized with other 4-hydroxy TEMPO derivatives exhibited some level of grafting control at early reaction times, which was lost in later stages of the polymerization reaction. SG1 apparently decomposed at the tested reaction temperatures, as polydienes functionalized with SG1 did not show any level of control during the grafting process.     

电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸

制备Ti/SnO2+Sb2O4/PbO2电极,电极的组分及其价态由XRD和XPS表征;该电极可将2,2-二羟甲基丙醛直接电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸.应用高效液相色谱分析原料和产物,电化学方法研究电合成影响因素,包括:2,2-二羟甲基丙醛浓度、溶液pH值、反应温度和氧化电位等.在优化条件下(pH=1,C醛=0.10 mol.L-1,t=15℃,E=1.8 V)电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸的转化率为58%,选择性36%,电流效率28%.本法为该产物的合成提供了一种新的途径.     

SEBS-g-MAH对LLDPE结晶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热法结合Avrami方程研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、LLDPE与苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)共混体系及LLDPE与不同接枝率的SEBS共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)共混体系的非等温结晶动力学,探讨了SEBS-g-MAH对LLDPE结晶行为的影响.通过偏光显微镜(POM)观察了各体系的结晶形态.通过Gupta法、Jeziorny法和莫志深法分别对非等温结晶过程进行表征,结果显示:热塑性弹性体SEBS及其接枝物SEBS-g-MAH的加入阻碍了LLDPE分子链的规则排列,影响了链段在结晶扩散迁移过程中的规整排列速率,使得结晶速率变慢,对LLDPE晶体生长起了抑制作用.样品的Avrami指数均为1.1～1.5,说明LLDPE的结晶成核机理和生长方式没有改变.     

新型环氧丙烯酸树脂增韧剂的合成

用马来酸酐和聚乙二醇1000合成具有反应活性端基的聚乙二醇,用红外与核磁共振进行了表征,并用其对环氧丙烯酸树脂进行改性;研究反应温度、反应时间对反应及产物性能的影响;用红外对反应性聚乙二醇和环氧丙烯酸树脂的固化物进行分析.结果表明,反应性聚乙二醇参与了环氧丙烯酸树脂的固化反应,可在交联网络中构成不同长度的柔性链段,显著地提高了环氧丙烯酸树脂的冲击强度.     

The first asymmetric esterification of free carboxylic acids with racemic alcohols using benzoic anhydrides and tetramisole derivatives: an application to the kinetic resolution of secondary benzylic alcohols

A variety of optically active carboxylic esters are produced by the kinetic resolution of racemic secondary benzylic alcohols using free carboxylic acids with benzoic anhydride and tetramisole derivatives. 4-Methoxybenzoic anhydride (PMBA) is the best reagent to use in producing the corresponding esters in high ee when the reaction is catalyzed by (+)-benzotetramisole (BTM); by contrast, when non-substituted benzoic anhydride is used as a coupling reagent, the resulting optically active alcohols are obtained with high selectivities. This protocol directly produces chiral carboxylic esters from free carboxylic acids and racemic secondary alcohols by utilizing the trans-acylation process to generate mixed anhydrides from acid components and benzoic anhydride derivatives under the influence of chiral catalysts.     

Thermal behavior of the maleic anhydride modified poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB has been structurally modified through reaction with maleic anhydride, MA. Transesterification reaction was carried out fixing the PHB and MA and besides time and temperature the concentration of the triethylamine (used as catalyst) was changed. Glass transition, melting and crystallization temperature obtained from DSC curves and thermal degradation temperatures obtained from TG traces were used to evaluate the influence of the reaction conditions on the modification of PHB according to factorial design. On the base of the results the optimum conditions are to perform the PHB modification reaction with MA reaction at 110°C for 1 h with 5% v/v triethylamine.     

Validated Chiral LC Method for the Enantiomeric Separation of β-Amino-β-(3-Methoxyphenyl) Propionic Acid

A chiral liquid chromatographic method for enantiomeric resolution of β-amino-β-(3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid was developed and validated. The “hybrid” π-electron donor–acceptor based stationary phase (R,R) Whelk-01 was found to be enantiomerically selective for (R) and (S) enantiomers of β-amino-β-(3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid with a resolution greater than 2.0. The effects of isopropyl alcohol and ethanol on enantioselectivity and resolution of enantiomers were evaluated. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.10–1.00, with a regression coefficient (r) of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 300 and 1,000 ng mL⁻¹ respectively for 10 μL injection volume. The percentage RSD of the peak area of six replicate injections of (S) enantiomer at LOQ concentration was 2.8. The percentage recovery of (S) enantiomer from (R) enantiomer samples ranged from 92 to 102. The test solution was observed to be stable up to 24 h after the preparation. The developed normal phase chiral LC method can be used for the enantiomeric purity evaluation of R-β-amino-β-(3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid.     

Trifluoroacetylation of pyrrolo[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]pyrazines

A study was carried out on the reaction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines containing an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl substituent at C-1 with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Trifluoroacetylation products may be formed either by reaction in the pyrrole ring or at the aryl or aralkyl groups at C-1. Products of electrophilic substitution at C-6 are formed in the trifluoroacetylation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines containing at C-1 a substituent bulkier than a methyl group but lacking substituents at C-6 (the α-position of the pyrrole ring). __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1226–1233, August, 2007.