生物质能源的开发与利用

本文概述了生物质能源的特征以及发展生物质能源的意义,综述了国内外生物质能源开发与利用的现状,简介了中国石油天然气股份有限公司生物质能源的发展思路、部署及工作进展.中国石油天然气股份有限公司生物质能源发展策略重点放在发展生物柴油和燃料乙醇.本文结合公司生物质能源长期发展战略以及实际工作开展情况分别从生物柴油、燃料乙醇两个方面详细探讨了所面临的生物质能源化工关键技术的需求,并提出相关发展建议.     

微视频技术在基础化学实验教学中的实践应用

以高校基础化学实验"从海带中提取碘""三草酸合铁（Ⅲ）酸钾的制备"为例，分别探讨了微视频技术在化学基本操作实验和综合设计型实验中的具体应用；此外，举例说明利用Flash软件制作的虚拟微视频可以在仪器分析实验中清晰地再现仪器真实操作中的每一个步骤，弥补了学生在实验前无法实际操作仪器的不足。实践证明，微视频技术的应用，丰富了基础化学实验教学模式，增强了学生自主学习的能力和动手能力，提高了实验成功率和实验教学效果。     

烟碱分子烙印聚合物的吸附特性

利用分子烙印技术，以烟碱为烙印分子，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂，合成了对烟碱具有特异性作用的分子烙印聚合物P(Nic)；通过平衡吸附实验，评价了其对烟碱的亲和力和选择性。与非烙印聚合物相比，P(Nic)对烟碱表现了很高的亲和力；Scatchard分析表明在P(Nic)中存在对烟碱有不同的亲和力的两类作用位点。通过与氨基吡啶类物质在P(Nic)上的吸附行为比较，表明P(Nic)对烟碱具有很好的选择性。本工作证明了用P(Nic)作为固相萃取(SPE)材料选择性地从烟草烟雾中提取烟碱的可能性。     

Decomposition of Toluene and Acetone in Packed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors

The influences of TiO₂ catalytic material and glass pellet packing on the decomposition efficiency of toluene and acetone in air by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors were experimentally investigated in this study. The effects of both packing materials on the formation of byproducts such as CO and CO₂ were also evaluated. Experimental results indicate that the introduction of glass materials into the plasma zone of a wire-tube reactor would improve the decomposition efficiency of toluene and acetone compared to a nonpacked reactor. The apparent decomposition rate constant of a glass packed-bed reactor was 4.5–4.8 times greater than that of a nonpacked reactor. The results also indicate that the decomposition rate constant of toluene was approximately 2.6 times higher than that of acetone no matter which type reactor was utilized. The application of TiO₂ coated pellets in DBD reactors will enforce the hydrocarbon byproducts to further be oxidized to CO₂, notwithstanding, it will not significantly improve the performance of the reactors in the decomposition of toluene and acetone, and in the formation of CO. The results show that the best selectivity of CO₂ for acetone decomposition in a TiO₂ coated pellets packed-bed reactor was approximately 40% higher than that in a glass packed-bed reactor.     

Preparation, characterization and properties studies of quinine-imprinted polymer in the aqueous phase

The uniform-sized spherical molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully prepared through molecular imprinting technology by two-step seed swelling and mini-emulsion polymerization in the aqueous condition using quinine as template molecules and methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer. The polymers were characterized by IR spectra, thermal-weight analysis, scanning electron microscope and laser particle size analysis. The properties of imprinted polymers were investigated in different organic phases and aqueous media. In the organic media, results suggested that polar interactions (hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions) between acidic monomer/polymer and template molecules are mainly responsible for the binding and recognition; whereas in the aqueous medium, a considerable recognition effect was also obtained where the ionic (electrostatic) interaction and hydrophobic interaction play an important role. The experiments of binding different substrates indicated that the MIPs possessed an excellent rebinding ability and inherent selectivity to quinine. __________ Translated from Zhongshan Dcocue Xuebao/Acta Scientianum Natralium University Sunyatseni, 2005, 44(3)(in Chinese)     

固相萃取搅拌棒萃取-气相色谱分析海水中的多环芳烃

利用固相萃取搅拌棒（SBSE）萃取海水中的多环芳烃，然后用热解吸脱附-气相色谱分析。研究了萃取时间、添加NaCl浓度对萃取效率的影响。实验结果表明，SBSE方法对16种多环芳烃的萃取回收率分别在33．5％～122．4％之间；对标准样品的检出限为2．74-13．5ng／L；方法RSD为3．8％～13．1％。用此方法测定了大连海岸海水中的多环芳烃含量。     

我国燃料乙醇生产技术的现状与展望

概述了目前国内外燃料乙醇产业现状.结合我国中粮生化能源(肇东)有限公司燃料乙醇装置,重点介绍了我国目前的燃料乙醇生产工艺技术水平、特点以及与国外的差距.本文从提高燃料乙醇生产技术水平、降低生产成本、寻找廉价非粮原料和开发新生产工艺等几个方面,对燃料乙醇生产技术的发展作了展望.     

β-内酰胺类抗生素酶促合成新进展

β-内酰胺类抗生素的合成在制药工业中占据重要的地位, 相关的酶促合成方法研究备受关注; 酶促合成显著提高合成效率, 减少三废的排放, 是实现绿色合成的有效方法. 综述了近年来β-内酰胺类抗生素酶促合成研究的新进展, 包括一锅合成法、原位产物排出法、介质技术和酶固定化方法.     

分析化学样品前处理技术研究进展

综述分析化学中样品前处理技术的重要地位、分类及研究进展情况,并对超临界流体萃取等几种近年来发展较快的样品前处理新方法的原理及特点作了介绍。这些技术能够有效地减少分析过程中由样品前处理过程带来的误差,具有前处理快速、简便的优点,同时可与分析仪器联用,实现分析的自动化。     

Pretreatment studies of cellulose wastes for optimization of cellulase enzyme activity

The composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, lignin, pectin, protein, and total lipid content in the selected cellulosic wastes-tapioca (Manihot esculenta) stem, leaf, petiole, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were determined. The effectiveness of various physical and chemical pretreatments on the enzymatic digestibility of these wastes were identified. In general, chemical pretreatments were more effective than physical pretreatments. The efficiency of the pretreatment was checked by subjecting these wastes to enzymatic saccharification after the pretreatments.