Busy period analysis for <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">PH</Emphasis>/1 queues with workload dependent balking

We consider an M/PH/1 queue with workload-dependent balking. An arriving customer joins the queue and stays until served if and only if the system workload is no more than a fixed level at the time of his arrival. We begin by considering a fluid model where the buffer content changes at a rate determined by an external stochastic process with finite state space. We derive systems of first-order linear differential equations for the mean and LST (Laplace-Stieltjes Transform) of the busy period in this model and solve them explicitly. We obtain the mean and LST of the busy period in the M/PH/1 queue with workload-dependent balking as a special limiting case of this fluid model. We illustrate the results with numerical examples.      

Analysis of period and visibility of dual phase grating interferometer

Dual phase grating interferometer may simultaneously achieve large field of view and high x-ray dose efficiency. Here, we develop a simple theoretical method to better understand the imaging process of the dual phase grating interferometer. The derivation process of fringe period and the optimal visibility conditions of the dual phase grating interferometer are given in detail. Then, we theoretically prove that the fringe period and optimal visibility conditions of the dual phase grating interferometer include that of the Talbot interferometer. By comparing our experimental results with those of other researchers, we find that when the positions of phase gratings are far away from the positions where the fringe visibility is optimal, the fringe period of the dual π -phase grating interferometer is twice the theoretical results under the illumination of polychromatic x-ray. This conclusion may explain the contradictory research results of dual phase grating interferometer among different researchers.     

考虑桥载设备使用的机场和航空公司运行成本研究

分析了桥载设备在机场和航空公司推广所面临的问题和原因,从航空公司运行的角度讨论桥载设备的使用能否有效地节约航空公司运行成本,分析了不同机型使用桥载设备的成本优化率;然后从机场运行的角度构建了桥载设备静态投资回收周期计算模型,重点讨论了桥载设备套数和使用时间对其静态投资回收周期的影响.实践表明,使用桥载设备代替APU可实现机场、航空公司、旅客三赢:机场可收取桥载设备使用费增加收入,能在较短的时间内回收桥载设备的投资成本;航空公司可有效地节省燃油和APU维修等运行费用;使用桥载设备后可减少碳氮气体排放和噪声污染,改善旅客的航空体验.研究结果能够增强机场和航空公司使用桥载设备的信心和决心,能有效地推动民航节能减排政策在机场的实施.     

Metastable zonewidth, induction period and interfacial energy of zinc tris(thiourea) sulfate

Metastable zonewidth and induction period measurements on ZTS and ZTSP crystals are presented. The effect of pH on the solubility, metastable zonewidth and induction period has been studied. The effect of substitution of phosphate on the nucleation parameters has been presented. The interfacial energy for pure and phosphate mixed ZTS solutions at 30°C has also been estimated. There is a significant variation in the induction period and interfacial energy due to decrease in solution pH and phosphate substitution.     

二元超品格弹性应力的能带理论计算

根据量子能带理论，采用经验赝势方法，对(Pb)n／(Bi)n,(A1)n／(As)n的假想简立方二元超品格结构的弹性应力进行了计算．结果表明弹性应力随超晶格周期λ的增加而迅速升高至一定大小后趋于稳定，且只有在周期较小时才同过渡金属氮化物超晶格硬度随周期的变化的趋势定性一致，为超晶格硬度随周期的变化提供了一种可能的解释．     

Study on flavonoid and bioactivity features of the pericarp of Citri Reticulatae ‘chachi' during storage

The mature pericarp of Citri Reticulatae 'Chachi' (PCRC) is one of the six traditional Chinese medicinal materials that should be used after long storage, and it was regarded that the longer the medicine was stored, the better. However, the aging mechanism of the medicine is not clear. To further investigate the effect of aging on the main active flavonoids of PCRC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and metabolomics analysis were used to analyze the flavonoids of PCRC stored for different periods. In the results, 219 flavonoids were detected. 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxy dihydroflavone and 2′-hydroxy-3,4,5,3′4′,6′-hexamethoxychalcone were found from PCRC for the first time. According to the clustering analysis of metabolites, aging times of 0 year, 1 year, and 2 year were clustered into one group, and aging times of 3 year, 4 year, and 29 year were clustered into the other group. Quantitative analysis showed that the former group contained a greater amount of 4 flavonoids than the latter group, while the latter group contained a greater amount of 15 polymethoxyflavonoids. The newly harvested PCRC was compared with the other 5 groups of PCRC (stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 29 years). Eight flavonoids, tectochrysin, apigenin, 2′-hydroxyisoflavone, luteolin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, gallocatechin, quercetin -O- acetylhexoside and apigenin ?7-O-[β-D-glucuronide (1 → 2) -O-β-D-glucuronide], were used as marker components to discriminate newly harvested PCRC and aging PCRC. In addition, the antioxidant potency composite index (APC) indicated that the PCRC stored for three or four years had stronger antioxidant activity than the PCRC stored for other periods. By means of molecular docking, it was reviewed that the amount of antiviral components against SARS-CoV-2 in freshly harvested PCRC was significantly higher than that in aging PCRC. The results in this study supplied scientific data for quality control, evaluation, and rational utilization of PCRC and basic information for further analysis of the metabolic regulation of the active components of the PCRC.     

Forecasting mortality in subpopulations using Lee–Carter type models: A comparison

The relative performance of multipopulation stochastic mortality models is investigated. When targeting mortality rates, we consider five extensions of the well known Lee–Carter single population extrapolative approach. As an alternative, we consider similar structures when mortality improvement rates are targeted. We use a dataset of deaths and exposures of Italian regions for the years 1974–2008 to conduct a comparison of the models, running a battery of tests to assess the relative goodness of fit and forecasting capability of different approaches. Results show that the preferable models are those striking a balance between complexity and flexibility.     

蝎虎天体OJ287中等时标光变的周期特性研究

收集了蝎虎天体OJ287光学B, V, R, I波段37年的观测数据, 获得了从1972年至2009年的光变曲线. 运用Lomb-Scargle傅里叶变换方法分析中等时标光变的周期性特性, 发现存在52.0±1.1 d与255±23 d的主要周期成分,并模拟了存在倍周期分岔的准周期信号, 与不同时段观测数据的相图和关联维数进行对比. 结果表明, OJ287具有多周期尺度特征, 不同时段准周期光变中谐波成分不同, 谐波成分的变化与次黑洞对主黑洞吸积流的扰动有关, 光变中的谐波成分可能是主黑洞吸积流受强扰动时分岔形成的.     

Epidemiology and Self-Organized Critical Systems: An Analysis in Waiting Times and Disease Heterogeneity

The dominant paradigm in epidemiology is characterized by the absence of a theory of disease that is capable of informing epidemiologic praxis and challenging conventional linear statistical reasoning. This paper has two main objectives: first, it is a reflection over the pathologic process (transition from health to disease state) in line with the nonlinear dynamic paradigm of self-organized critical systems. According to the latter, dynamic processes are characterized by phase transitions, emergence, robustness, far-from-equilibrium dynamics, punctuated equilibria, historically-based mechanic, nonlinearity, irreversibility, and heterogeneity. Further, complex adaptive systems have outcomes with inverse power law (IPL) fits. The article second objective is to test the theory of self-organized critical systems along two paths of epidemiologic investigations. The first path takes the form of a study in waiting times (WT) and attempts to show that their distribution complies with an IPL. The second application shows that hierarchies of patients (generated by cluster analysis) with a complex disease process (diabetes) featuring coupling of their component units (biologic markers of glucose handling) also fit an IPL. The IPL fit is compared with that of a lognormal, the more likely benchmark model for WTs. It is concluded that both the WTs and hierarchies of patients can be interpreted in terms of self-organized critical systems with possible fractal significance. The paper culminates with a theory of disease emphasizing the properties of self-organized complex systems in the epidemiologic context.