Quantum graphs with vertices of a preferred orientation

Motivated by a recent application of quantum graphs to model the anomalous Hall effect we discuss quantum graphs the vertices of which exhibit a preferred orientation. We describe an example of such a vertex coupling and analyze the corresponding band spectra of lattices with square and hexagonal elementary cells showing that they depend heavily on the network topology, in particular, on the degrees of the vertices involved.     

Reducing the residual stress in micro electroforming layer by megasonic agitation

In order to reduce the large residual stress in micro elelctroforming layer, megasonic assisted electroforming is proposed here. Micro electroforming experiments were performed with and without megasonic agitation, respectively. Four different megasonic power densities were applied to investigate the influence of megasonic agitation on reducing the residual stress. The residual stress was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Experiment results show that the residual stresses fabricated with megasonic agitation are less than that fabricated without megasonic. When the megasonic power density is 2 W/cm², the residual stress can be the minimum value of −125.7 MPa, reduced by 60% in comparison with the value of −315.1 MPa electroformed without megasonic agitation. For exploring the mechanism of megasonic agitation on reducing the residual stress, the dislocation density and crystal orientation were calculated by the single-line Voigt profile analysis and Relative Texture Coefficient (RTC) method, respectively. The diameters and distributions of pits on the surface of electroforming layer were observed by the STM-6 tool microscope and counted by the Image-Pro Plus software. It reveals that one hand of the mechanism is the acoustic streaming produced by megasonic can strengthen the motion of dislocation in crystal lattice and makes the crystal lattices grow towards the equilibrium shape, which is benefit to crystallization with low residual stress. When the megasonic power density is 2 W/cm², the dislocation density increases to be the maximum value of 8.09 × 10¹⁵ m⁻² and the difference between RTC_{(1 1 1)} and RTC_{(2 0 0)} decreases to be zero, which is consistent with the residual stress results. The other hand is that the stable cavitation produced by megasonic can provide residual stress release points during the electroforming process.     

Influence of the substrate on ferroelectric properties of 〈1 1 1〉 oriented rhombohedral Pb(Zr0.6Ti0.4)O3 thin films

〈1 1 1〉-oriented Pb(Zr_0.6Ti_0.4)O₃ thin films were elaborated in the same run by RF multitarget sputtering on Si/SiO₂/TiO₂/Pt(1 1 1) and LaAlO₃/Pt(1 1 1) substrates. PZT thin films were textured, exhibiting 〈1 1 1〉 fibre texture on silicon substrates whereas epitaxial relationships were found when grown on LaAlO₃/Pt(1 1 1). On the latter substrate, values of spontaneous polarization and of dielectric permittivity were measured close to that calculated previously along the 〈1 1 1〉 direction of PZT rhombohedral single crystal. On the contrary, spontaneous polarization and dielectric permittivity measured on PZT thin films deposited on platinized silicon were found deviating from calculated values. These different electrical results are attributed to different ferroelectric domain configurations.     

The structure and molecular orientation of polytetrafluoroethylene coatings deposited from active gas phase

The molecular structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings deposited on aluminium substrates was investigated by the method of attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It has been shown experimentally that PTFE coatings deposited by the electron-beam dispersion method have molecular orientation and are ordered nonmonotonously during the process of coating growth. Maximum order and orientation of molecules along the normal to the substrate are observed in an interfacial layer located within up to 100 nm to the substrate. The observed morphological and orientation features of the formed layers were explained using the proposed adsorption-diffusion mechanism of polymer coating formation.     

Improving the fluorescence polarization method to evaluate the orientation of fluorescent systems adsorbed in ordered layered materials

The fluorescence polarization method, recently developed for the evaluation of the preferential orientation of fluorescent dyes adsorbed in layered materials [F. López Arbeloa, V. Martínez Martínez, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 181 (2006) 44], is readapted to improve its application. Fluorescence polarization was previously obtained by recording the emission intensity for two orthogonal orientations of the emission polarizer (i.e., the horizontal and vertical polarized light) after excitation with vertical or horizontal polarized light. In the method proposed in this work, samples are excited with unpolarized light, reducing the polarization effect of the excitation light scattering at those emission wavelengths close to the excitation wavelength. Moreover, the present method decreases the effect of the orientation of other non-fluorescent species present in the system, which are active in the excitation process. Consequently, the new method is more simple, precise and sensitive. It is applied to evaluate the orientation of rhodamine 6G dye adsorbed in ordered laponite clay films with low and moderated dye loadings.     

Study on dipolar orientation and relaxation characteristics of guest-host polymers affected by corona poling parameters

The dipolar orientation and relaxation characteristics of guest-host polymers poled by corona poling have been studied in detail. The mechanisms of dipolar orientation affected by poling parameters (voltage, temperature, time and cooling velocity) in polymers have been analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectra and microscope. The results show that with increasing poling voltage, the orientation order parameter increases to maximum and then drops. Also the same trend of orientation order parameter has been obtained with increasing poling temperature. While the orientation order parameter increases to saturation with increasing poling time. With the biexponential model analyzing, it is shown that the relaxation of dipolar orientation can be slowed by slowing the cooling velocity during the poling process.     

High-resolution electron microscopy observations of continuous precipitates with Pitsch-Schrader orientation relationship in an Mg–Al based alloy and interpretation with the O-lattice theory

High-resolution electron microscopy was applied to analyze the continuous precipitated particles of the γ-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase with Pitsch-Schrader OR in the heat-treated AZ91 alloy at 473 K for 8 h. The existence of a continuous precipitated particle with the Pitsch-Schrader OR including the selection of the habit plane and the growth direction in Mg–Al system is rationalized by the constrained coincidence site lattice/constrained complete pattern shift lattice (CCSL/CDSCL) model and the O-lattice theory.     

不同晶体取向下纳米压痕的多尺度模拟

采用准连续介质多尺度方法模拟面心立方金属铝单晶薄膜的纳米压痕变形过程.对薄膜分别采用三种不同的晶体取向(分别为x［1 1 1］,y［1 1 0］,z［1 1 2］; x［1 1 2］,y［1 1 1］,z［1 1 0］;x［1 1 0］,y［0 0 1］,x［1 1 0］),得到载荷-位移响应曲线.加载过程中,对晶体内部变形比较剧烈的部分画出原子图,并从微观角度分析产生剧烈变形的原 关键词： 纳米压痕 准连续介质方法 晶体取向 位错成核     

室温单分子偶极取向与量子化再取向动力学实验研究

对室温下染料单分子进行了偶极取向和偶极再取向动力学的实验研究.利用共焦扫描显微镜光学系统与荧光偏振探测分析相结合的方法分别测量了聚合体薄膜中的单分子和无聚合体薄膜的单分子偶极方向变化特性,经采样统计测量镶嵌于聚合体薄膜中的单分子发生偶极再取向的概率约为5%—9%,无聚合体薄膜的单分子发生偶极再取向的概率约为26%.通过测量单分子荧光的偏振度轨迹曲线发现,偶极再取向存在着在多个偏振态之间的量子化跳跃行为. 关键词： 单分子 偶极取向 再取向 量子化跳跃