Color-Changing Sparks from Rare Earth Metal Powders

Commonly, sparks emit light according to the well-known black (gray) body radiation. Recently, we reported on color-changing sparks based on erbium powder, which switch their light emission between black body emission (surface combustion) and element-specific emission (vapor phase combustion). Herein, we investigated the spark formation from the adjacent rare-earth elements. The corresponding boiling points are significantly below (Yb, Sm, Tm) or above (Y, Lu) the boiling point of Er. While Yb and Sm evaporate too fast to form longer sparks, Y, Lu and Tm form color-changing sparks with varying length of the element-specific emission phase. The sparks were investigated by time-resolved emission spectroscopy, long-time exposures, and NIR/MIR imaging. The same basic pyrotechnic formulation containing one of these metal powders reveals a strongly differing burning behavior depending on the boiling point of the metal. The burning characteristics change from a green strobe (Yb) to intense colorful crackling (Tm) and finally a sparkling fountain with long-flying sparks (Lu, Y, Er).     

纳米MgNb2O6微波介质陶瓷粉体制备及表征

Nano-crystalline MgNb₂O₆ was prepared using Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, Nb₂O₅, HF and citric acid as raw materials by auto-ignition route. The process involves the formation of a viscous gel by thermal dehydration of the citrate-nitrate solution at about 80 ℃. The auto-ignition (at about 200 ℃) of the gel resulted in a high reactivity powder containing intimate blending of MgNbF₇ and NbF₃. The crystalline phase of MgNb₂O₆ could be formed easily at 700 ℃, which is 400 ℃ lower than that of common solid-state reaction process. The nano-crystalline MgNb₂O₆ (～30 nm) powder with good dispersity could be obtained at 850 ℃.     

聚己内酯-天然骨粉生物医用复合材料的制备和性能

采用熔融共混法制备了不同天然骨粉含量的聚己内酯-天然骨粉（PCL-BP）生物医用复合材料,并通过力学实验、表面亲水性分析、差示扫描量热分析和热重分析对复合材料的性能进行了表征。结果表明：随着天然骨粉含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度先增加后降低,其表面亲水性得以改善。此外,复合材料的结晶温度升高,熔融焓降低,热稳定性...     

液相还原法制备超细球形镍粉

本文论述了液相还原法直接制备高振实密度球形镍粉的新工艺。采用NiSO_4·5H_2O为原料,利用NaOH调节溶液的pH值并形成Ni(OH)_2,还原剂采用N_2H_4·H_2O,还原过程中加入晶核引发剂及表面活性剂。采用正交实验表安排实验,对影响镍粉振实密度及粒径的因素进行了极差分析。实验数据表明,溶液中镍的初始浓度对产品质量的影响最大,较优工艺组合条件为:初始Ni~(2+)的浓度1.5mol·L~(-1),NaOH用量为理论量的1.1倍,反应温度80℃,表面活性剂用量为每克镍5mg,晶种添加量为还原剂理论用量的0.1％。新工艺可制备振实密度高达3.0以上、质量中位径为1μm的球形镍粉。     

Bi-2223喷雾热分解粉末热处理工艺优化

Bi-2223 带材目前在电流引线、 超导电机、 超导电缆、 超导限流器等领域实现了许多示范性应用, 载流性能是表征其性能的重要指标, 而高质量的前驱体粉末是最终带材性能的关键保障. 本文选用具有工艺简单、 粉末效率高、 批次稳定性好等优点的喷雾热分解法制备的Bi-2223 前驱体粉末, 利用 TG-DSC、XRD、SEM 等测试手段对低氧条件下不同保温时间烧结的粉末进行分析, 并结合最终带材的载流性能测试结果, 获得了最优粉末烧结参数, 为后续喷雾热分解粉末的进一步生成 Bi-2223 相以及高性能粉末的制备提供了依据.     

Sol-Gel Nanosized Semiconducting Titania-Based Powders for Thick-Film Gas Sensors

Pure, 5 at%, and 10 at% Ta- or Nb-doped TiO₂ nanosized powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powders heated to 400°C have the crystalline anatase structure. While the pure TiO₂ powder heated to 850°C has the rutile structure, the addition of Ta and Nb inhibited the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation at this temperature. Ta was soluble in the titania lattice up to the concentration of 10 at%, while the solubility of Nb was 5 at%. Thick films were fabricated with these powders by screen printing technology and then fired at 650°C and 850°C for 1 h. SEM observations showed that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation induces a grain growth of about one order of magnitude for pure TiO₂. The addition of Ta and Nb is effective to keep the TiO₂ grain size at the nanometric level even at 850°C. Conductance measurements showed that a good gas response is observed only for the nanostructured titania-based films. The CO response of these materials is only slightly affected by humidity.     

Characterization of Pd Blacks by Temperature Programmed Oxidation

Using different reduction conditions Pd powders have been prepared and characterized by chemisorption and TPO (Temperature Programmed Oxidation) measurements. The amount of carbon deposits introduced during preparation seems to be peculiar to the preparation procedure. The O₂ consumption curves attributed to PdO formation have shown two peak minima suggesting strong differences in the accessibility of Pd particles.     

Thermal decomposition of butylindium thiolates and preparation of indium sulfide powders

Thermal properties of organoindium thiolates were investigated by means of thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DT) analysis. Dibutyl-indium propylthiolates (Buⁿ₂InSPrⁿ, Buⁿ₂InSPrⁱ, Buⁱ₂InSPrⁿ and Buⁱ₂InSPrⁱ) decomposed up to 280°C along with an exothermic DT peak and gave indium(I) sulfide (InS) powders. Although the arylthiolate Buⁿ₂InSPh also afforded InS powders, it decomposed at a slightly higher temperature. In contrast, the dithiolate and the dithiocarbamate complexes [BuⁿIn(SPrⁱ)₂ and In (S₂CNBu₂)₃] gave indium(III) sulfide (In₂S₃) powders.     

纳米SiC蓝光发射的研究

在４．６８ｅＶ的激光激发下，室温ＣＶＤ合成的纳米ＳｉＣ粉体，可发射４７５ｎｍ的蓝光，经６００～１１００℃在Ｎ２气氛下进行快速退火（ＲＴＡ）处理，其荧光强度随退火温度升高而增强，当Ｔ≥９００℃时，荧光强度下降，但发光峰位与退火温度无关．通过ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＰＳ等研究，认为纳米ＳｉＣ中与氧有关的缺陷可能是引起４７５ｎｍ蓝光发射的主要原因     

催化反应制备碳化硅纳米粉体的密度泛函理论计算及实验研究

以Si_(55),Si_(43)M_(12)和Si_(37)M_(18)(M=Fe,Co或Ni)团簇为模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Fe,Co及Ni纳米团簇催化硅粉转化为SiC的机理.计算结果表明,Fe,Co及Ni纳米催化剂先与Si形成合金,拉长并弱化Si—Si键的强度,起到活化Si粉的作用;合金的形成有利于C原子的吸附及Si原子和C原子间的反应;Fe的催化能力强于Co和Ni.在此基础上,以Si粉和酚醛树脂为原料,以Fe,Co及Ni硝酸盐为催化剂前驱体,通过微波加热反应制备了3C-SiC纳米粉体.研究了催化剂种类、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间等对制备3C-SiC纳米粉体的影响.结果表明,催化剂Fe,Co和Ni的加入均可显著降低3C-SiC的合成温度.当以2.0%(质量分数)的Fe为催化剂时,Si粉在1100℃下反应30 min后即可全部转化为3C-SiC纳米粉体;而在相同条件下,无催化剂时Si粉的完全转化温度为1250℃;Fe的催化效果优于Co和Ni,与DFT计算结果吻合.