气体容量法测定单质硅的改进

对测定单质硅的气体容量法进行了改进,在测量装置中增加了恒温系统、柱形称样器,并扩大了量气管的量程。最佳反应碱度为200g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液65mL,反应时间为1h。对不同含量单质硅样品进行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.32%~0.47%之间,偏差在-0.45%~0.40%之间。     

High-yield synthesis of pure ZnO nanoparticles by one-step solid-state reaction approach for enhanced photocatalytic activity

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized via a one-step solid-state reaction approach in ammonia (NH₃) gas environment with different temperature ramp rates. The so-formed nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, where the typical wurtzite hexagonal structure was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the particle size to be in the range 45–50 nm, the same as calculated by the XRD pattern for the ramp rate of 10 °C/min. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the chemical purity of the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum indicated multiple near-band-edge emissions and energy-band emissions. Then, these ZnO nanomaterials were used for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under UV light irradiation. The CV solution was completely degraded in 2 hr. The initial photocatalyst and dye amounts of 0.2 g/100 ml and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, were found to be the optimum values for maximum degradation efficiency. The ZnO-based photocatalyst was stable up to three cycles of reuse. These results indicate that the high surface area and porosity of the nanomaterials are responsible for the high efficiency, which was confirmed by specific surface area analysis.     

Computational and experimental study of oxygen-enhanced axisymmetric laminar methane flames

Three axisymmetric laminar coflow diffusion flames, one of which is a nitrogen-diluted methane/air flame (the ‘base case’) and the other two of which consist of nitrogen-diluted methane vs. pure oxygen, are examined both computationally and experimentally. Computationally, the local rectangular refinement method is used to solve the fully coupled nonlinear conservation equations on solution-adaptive grids. The model includes C2 chemistry (GRI 2.11 and GRI 3.0 chemical mechanisms), detailed transport, and optically thin radiation. Because two of the flames are attached to the burner, thermal boundary conditions at the burner surface are constructed from smoothed functional fits to temperature measurements. Experimentally, Raman scattering is used to measure temperature and major species concentrations as functions of the radial coordinate at various axial positions. As compared to the base case flame, which is lifted, the two oxygen-enhanced flames are shorter, hotter, and attached to the burner. Computational and experimental flame lengths show excellent agreement, as do the maximum centreline temperatures. For each flame, radial profiles of temperature and major species also show excellent agreement between computations and experiments, when plotted at fixed values of a dimensionless axial coordinate. Computational results indicate peak NO levels in the oxygen-enhanced flames to be very high. The majority of the NO in these flames is shown to be produced via the thermal route, whereas prompt NO dominates for the base case flame.     

Growth and microstructure for visible emission and surface optical phonon mode of Zn–ZnO nanostructure

The Zn–ZnO nanostructured thin films were prepared in carbon matrix using a cost-effective vacuum-carbon arc method. On increasing graphitization with ZnO, the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the intensity of the ZnO peak increases, whereas that of the Zn peak decreases. X-ray line profile analysis and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the microstructural evolution of Zn–ZnO nanostructure during vacuum arc processing. A growth mechanism is proposed for the Zn–ZnO nanostructure when reaction with carbon-containing gas inside the reactor wall takes place. Detailed studies of photoluminescence bands clearly exhibit the intensity variation of violet and blue-green bands on increasing graphitization ratio. Using the dielectric continuum approach, surface optical phonon modes of the Zn–ZnO nanostructure were studied for different synthesized samples.     

High pressure torsion to refine grains in pure aluminum up to saturation: mechanisms of structure evolution and their dependence on strain

High-pressure torsion was used for the deformation processing of high-purity aluminum (4N-Al), while high-resolution electron-backscatter diffraction was used for the analysis of evolution of qualitative and quantitative microstructural characteristics. This study reveals a rather full picture of microstructure evolution in the high stacking fault energy fcc material and makes a continuous link between deformation microstructures at low, high and very high strains. Three stages of the microstructure evolution in 4N-Al at ambient temperature have been found: (i) the first stage in the range ε_eq ?≤?1; (ii) a transition stage in the range 1?<?ε_eq ?≤?8; and (iii) a saturation stage in the range ε_eq ?≥?8. In stages (i) and (ii), grain subdivision and typical features of deformation microstructures are found. Starting from stage (ii), formation of small equiaxed (sub)grains surrounded by high-angle boundaries (HABs) is found together with minor increase in the average subgrain size. At stage (iii), recrystallized-like microstructure mostly consisting of the dynamically stable equiaxed subgrains surrounded by HABs dominates the microstructure.     

Texture evolution and grain refinement of ultrafine-grained copper during micro-extrusion

Samples of oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC) coarse-grained (CG) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper were micro-extruded to an equivalent strain of 2.8 in one pass at room temperature. Samples of the OFHC copper were annealed at 650°C for 2?h to produce CG copper. Some samples were subsequently processed by equal channel angular pressing of eight passes, route Bc, at room temperature to produce the UFG material. Crystallographic texture and misorientation distributions were obtained locally from EBSD mappings at different radial positions after micro-extrusion. To model the strain path during micro-extrusion, the analytic flow line model of Altan et al. [J Mater. Process. Tech. 33 (1992) p.263] was used and also validated by finite element calculations. Modelling was carried out using the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model and a recently developed grain refinement model. The results showed large texture variations along the cross-section of the extruded sample for both UFG and CG copper. These cyclic drawing textures in UFG copper were simulated in good agreement with experiments using the presented modelling framework.     

High cycle fatigue and fracture behaviour of a hot isostatically pressed nickel-based superalloy

Powder of a nickel-based superalloy, RR1000, has been hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) at a supersolvus temperature and post-HIP heat treated to produce different microstructures. Microstructures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope together with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and a wave-length dispersive X-ray spectrometer. High cycle four-point bending fatigue and tension–tension fatigue tests have been performed on the fabricated samples. It was found that HIPped and aged samples showed the best four-point bending fatigue limit while HIPped and solution-treated and aged samples had the lowest fatigue limit. The four-point bending fatigue crack initiations all occurred from the sample surfaces either at the sites of inclusion clusters or by cleavage through large grains on the surfaces. The tension–tension fatigue crack initiation occurred mainly due to large hafnia inclusion clusters, with lower fatigue lives for samples where inclusions were closer to the surface. Crack initiation at the compact Al₂O₃ inclusion cluster led to a much higher fatigue life than found when cracks were initiated by large hafnia inclusion clusters. The tension–tension fatigue limits were shown to decrease with increased testing temperature (from room temperature to 700?°C).     

钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的动态力学性能

利用?74mmSHPB实验装置对钢纤维活性粉末混凝土(RPC)进行动态压缩实验和动态劈裂拉 伸实验。获得了钢纤维RPC在1~102s-1应变率加载下的动态力学参数。对试件内的动态应力分布进行数 值模拟,验证了动态实验的有效性。结果表明,钢纤维RPC的动态压缩和动态劈裂拉伸的力学性能均表现出 显著的应变率效应。随着应变率的增加,钢纤维RPC冲击压缩破坏应力、冲击压缩破坏应变、弹性模量、动态 劈裂拉伸破坏应力均有一定程度的增加,动态拉压比相对静态拉压比也有显著的提高。     

Convergence of an adaptive hp finite element strategy in higher space-dimensions

We show convergence in the energy norm for an automatic hp-adaptive refinement strategy for finite elements on the elliptic boundary value problem. The result is a generalization of a marking strategy, which was proposed in one space-dimension, to problems in two- and three-dimensional spaces.     

Er3+掺杂氟化物1550nm上转换发光材料的水热合成及发光性能

采用水热法合成了Er3+掺杂的1 550 nm氟化物上转换发光超细粉.与传统高温固相法样品相比,水热法合成的样品颗粒细小,与光电探测及成像器件耦合匹配应用时,更有利于提高器件的空间分辨率.探讨了Er3+掺杂四元氟化物1 550 nm上转换发光的物理机制,研究了Er3+掺杂浓度、反应温度及反应时间对产物上转换发光性能的影...