Application of extraction disks in dissolution tests of clenbuterol and levothyroxine tablets by capillary electrophoresis

Sample preparation procedures using octadecyl (C₁₈) extraction disks were developed to obtain accurate and reproducible results for determinations of clenbuterol (20 μg per dose) and levothyroxine (100 μg per dose) in dissolution media of solid oral dosage forms. Preconcentration of samples allowed final concentrations of 1.1 μg/ml of clenbuterol and 4.0 μg/ml of levothyroxine to be reached prior to CE analysis. The results obtained by CE were in good agreement with those of HPLC. The precision of the migration time, peak area, peak height and accuracy were determined in both intea-day (n = 6) and inter-day (n =18) assays. Linearity was demonstrated over the ranges 0.5–80.0 μg/ml of clenbuterol and 1.0–30.0 μg/ml of levothyroxine. The mean recoveries were higher than 94.0%, ranging from 50 to 125% levels with respect to dose potencies. The proposed methodology may be generally applied to determine drugs at ng/ml concentrations.     

Functional Central Limit Theorems for Triangular Arrays of Function-Indexed Processes under Uniformly Integrable Entropy Conditions

Functional central limit theorems for triangular arrays of rowwise independent stochastic processes are established by a method replacing tail probabilities by expectations throughout. The main tool is a maximal inequality based on a preliminary version proved by P. Gaenssler and Th. Schlumprecht. Its essential refinement used here is achieved by an additional inequality due to M. Ledoux and M. Talagrand. The entropy condition emerging in our theorems was introduced by K. S. Alexander, whose functional central limit theorem for so-calledmeasure-like processeswill be also regained. Applications concern, in particular, so-calledrandom measure processeswhich include function-indexed empirical processes and partial-sum processes (with random or fixed locations). In this context, we obtain generalizations of results due to K. S. Alexander, M. A. Arcones, P. Gaenssler, and K. Ziegler. Further examples include nonparametric regression and intensity estimation for spatial Poisson processes.     

电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中的游离酸

本文研究了用电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的方法。用草酸钾做络合剂以消除Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋等多种水解离子的影响，用标准碱直接进行电位滴定，即可快速准确地测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的含量。方法的相对标准偏差为１．８％，标准加入回收率为１００－１０１％，能为放射性废物固化试验提供可靠的分析数据。     

从芒果皮中提取果胶的工艺研究

果胶是一种大分子多糖类物质 ,具有良好的胶凝作用 ,用途广泛 ,在国内外市场上的销量很好。 1 990年世界上果胶总产量约 2 5 0 0 0吨 ,而我国 1 990年仅在食品工业上消耗的果胶就达 1 0 0 0吨 ,但国内市场上销售的果胶大部分为进口货[1] 。果胶在我国的生产仍处于开发阶段 ,所以发掘新的提取资源、提高果胶质量、降低果胶生产成本的意义十分重大。目前 ,已有以柑桔皮、向日葵盘、苹果皮、香蕉皮、马铃薯渣为原料提取果胶的研究报道 ,如何从芒果皮中提取果胶却未见报道。芒果在制造罐头和饮料中副产大量下脚料———芒果皮 ,未能得到充分利用…     

Investigation of a liquid-liquid extraction system based on non-ionic surfactant-salt-H2O and mechanism of drug extraction

Based on the investigation of a non-ionic surfactant-salt-H₂O liquid-liquid extraction system, general rules concerning salt selection are concluded and the mechanism of phase separation is explained. The extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydrochloride (PCN) in such a system is studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by twice extraction, which means that quantitative extraction is realized, while that of PCN is 77%. This system produces distribution coefficients (K_D) of 12.3 and 2.6, respectively, for CPZ and PCN. Extraction mechanism is deduced according to ultraviolet absorbance; and molecular fluorescence spectra change of the drugs in the system studied.     

低电流密度下恒电流法制备的聚苯胺修饰电极

研究了低电流密度下恒电流法制备的聚苯（ＰＡ）修饰电极的性质及其影响因素，探讨了低电流密度聚合的ＰＡ膜的优点。发现此种条件下聚合的ＰＡ膜具有较好的电荷传输能力，它不仅对Ｂｒ＾－，Ｔｌ＾＋／Ｔｌ等电对的氧化还原反应有更好的电催化活性，而且对Ｈ＾＋的Ｎｅｒｎａｓｔ响应也更接近理论值。     

Detection of processed genetically modified food using CIM monolithic columns for DNA isolation

The availability of sufficient quantities of DNA of adequate quality is crucial in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for genetically modified food detection. In this work, the suitability of anion-exchange CIM (Convective Interaction Media; BIA Separations, Ljubljana, Slovenia) monolithic columns for isolation of DNA from food was studied. Maize and its derivates corn meal and thermally pretreated corn meal were chosen as model food. Two commercially available CIM disk columns were tested: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl) and QA (quaternary amine). Preliminary separations were performed with standard solution of salmon DNA at different pH values and different NaCl concentrations in mobile phase. DEAE groups and pH 8 were chosen for further isolations of DNA from a complex matrix-food extract. The quality and quantity of isolated DNA were tested on agarose gel electrophoresis, with UV-scanning spectrophotometry, and by amplification with real-time PCR. DNA isolated in this way was of suitable quality for further PCR analyses. The described method is also applicable for DNA isolation from processed foods with decreased DNA content. Furthermore, it is more effective and less time-consuming in comparison with the existing proposed methods for isolation of DNA from plant-derived foods.     

Simultaneous isolation and determination of esculin and rutin in natural materials using SPE and HPLC

Summary Esculin (ESC) and rutin (RUT) have been simultaneously isolated from pharmaceutical natural materials by solid phase extraction (SPE). Determination of both substances was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) with UV detection. Optimization of the separation conditions showed that simultaneous isolation and determination of rutin and esculin from pharmaceutical material was possible. The recovery obtained was not lower than 95±2%.