Electroconduction of Potassium Orthophosphate Modified with Triple-Charged Cations

Solid electrolytes in the systems K_{3 – 3x} Me _x PO₄ (Me = Sc, Y, In, La, Nd, Gd, Tb) are synthesized. Their phase composition and the temperature and concentration dependences of their electroconductivity are studied. In all the systems there form solid solutions based on K₃PO₄, which have a high potassium cation conductance. The latter is due to the formation of potassium vacancies at substitutions 3K⁺ Me³⁺ and, at lower temperatures, to stabilization of a high-temperature -modification of potassium orthophosphate. The electroconductivity of synthesized solid solutions, which equals (4–7) × 10^–3 and 10^–1 S cm^–1 at 300 and 700°C, is similar to that of solid electrolytes K_{3 – x} P_{1 – x} E _x ^VIO₄ and K_{3 – 4x} E _x ^IVPO₄.     

Latest developments of bulk crystals and thin films of rare-earth doped CaF2 for laser applications

Several CaF₂ single crystals doped with trivalent rare-earth ions have been grown in the recent years in the form of bulk crystals by using the Bridgman method and in the form of thin films by using the MBE and LPE techniques. The spectroscopic, gain and laser properties of these crystals doped with Pr³⁺, on the one hand, and with Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ or Er³⁺ ions, on the other hand, have been studied and are reviewed here for their laser potentials in the red and in the infrared spectral domains, respectively.     

Potassium and sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides and their properties

The crucial factor of the reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with alkali hydroxides is temperature, depending on which two types of potassium or sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides are formed. These types exhibit different catalytic activity in the alkylation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with methyl acrylate. More active forms of 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃OK or 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃ONa are synthesized at temperatures higher than 160 °C and are predominantly the monomers, which dimerize on cooling. The data of ¹H NMR, electronic, and IR spectra for the corresponding forms of 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃OK and 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃ONa isolated in the individual state are in agreement with cyclohexadienone structure. In DMSO or DMF, the dimeric forms of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides react with methyl acrylate to form methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in 64–92% yield. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2138–2143, December, 2006.     

Tetraalkylammonium Picrates in the Dichloromethane–Water System: Ion-Pair Formation and Liquid–Liquid Distribution of Free Ions and Ion Pairs

Equilibria concerning picrates of tetraalkylammonium ions (Me₄N⁺, Et₄N⁺, Pr₄N⁺, Bu₄N⁺, Bu₃MeN⁺) in a dichloromethane−water system have been investigated at 25 ^∘C. The 1:1 ion-pair formation constants (K _IP,o ^o) in dichloromethane at infinite dilution were conductometrically determined. The distribution constants (K _D ^o) of the ion pairs and the free cations between the solvents were determined by a batch-extraction method. The K _IP,o ^o value varies in the cation sequence, Bu₄N⁺ ≈ Pr₄N⁺ ≈ Et₄N⁺ < Bu₃MeN⁺ < < Me₄N⁺; this trend is explained by the electrostatic cation−anion interaction taking into account the structures of the ion pairs determined by density functional theory calculations. For the ion pairs of the symmetric R₄N⁺ cations, there is a linear positive relationship between log₁₀ K _D ^o and the number of methylene groups in the cation (N _{CH 2}). The ion pair of asymmetric Bu₃MeN⁺ has a higher distribution constant than that expected from the above log₁₀ K _D ^o versus N _{CH 2} relationship. These cation dependencies of log₁₀ K _D ^o for the ion pairs are explained theoretically by using the Hildebrand-Scatchard equation. For all the cations, the log₁₀ K _D ^o value of the free cation increases linearly with N _{CH 2}; the variation of log₁₀ K _D ^o is discussed by decomposing the distribution constant into the Born-type electrostatic contribution and the non-Born one, and attributed to the latter that is governed by the differences in the molar volumes of the cations. The cation dependencies of the ion-pair extractability and ion pairing in water are also discussed. An erratum to this article can be found at     

铜到钼的类钠离子能级结构及软X射线光谱理论计算

本文采用Hartree-Fock自洽场方法,从理论上计算了铜到钼的类钠离子1s~22s~22p~6nl(n=3～6,l=O～5)各能级能量。给出了有可能实现软X射线激光的跃迁(5g—4f,5f—4d,6g—4f,6f—4d)的光谱性质:跃迁波长、振子强度,并和实验值进行了比较,跃迁波长的相对误差不超过千分之二。从计算结果可知,Se的6f—4d跃迁,Br的6g—4f跃迁,Zr的5f—4l跃迁,Nb的5g—4f跃迁都已进入水窗波段。     

Static dipole polarizabilities of open-shell negative ions

Summary Dipole polarizability estimates at have been calculated for the 2p and 3p open-shell negative ions in their ground and valence excited states. To complete the sequence such estimates for F^– and Cl^– in their ground¹ S state have also been made. Single configuration based linear response theory has been adopted presently with a view to study the effect of RPA-type correlations on the polarizabilities of such systems. For the 3p open-shell systems the innermost 1s core has been kept frozen. Most of the results are reported for the first time. Agreement with existing data, wherever available, is reasonable. The convergence of the polarizability estimates towards basis sets has been studied.     

Oxidation of organic amide ions by dioxygen

The products of base-catalyzed oxidation of secondary aromatic amines were identified by the GC-MS and EPR techniques as nitroxyls, quinone nitrones, quinone imines, and for diarylamines also as the products of C-N bond cleavage-substituted nitrobenzenes, anilines and phenols. It was shown that nitroxyl radicals are the primary paramagnetic products of the reaction and do not form by the interaction of aminyl radicals with dioxygen. A mechanism of the amide ion oxidation through the nonradical addition of dioxygen to the amide ion at the rate-limiting stage is suggested and discussed.The previous report see Ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1746–1751, October, 1994.     

Preparation of dibenzofuran-type amorphous polyetherketone by novel etherification reaction

4-Fluorobenzophenone reacted with potassium carbonate in the presence of silica catalyst in diphenyl sulfone solvent to yield 4,4′-dibenzoyldiphenyl ether. This new etherification reaction was extended to three difluoro aromatic ketones. 4,4′-Bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)diphenyl ether ( I ) reacted with potassium carbonate to yield a crystalline poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEK) and 4,4′-bis{4-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy]benzoyl}benzene ( II ) gave a crystalline poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene)(PEKEKEKK). 2,8-Bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)dibenzofuran ( III ) or 2,8-bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)dibenzofuran ( IV ) reacted with potassium carbonate to yield a poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-2,8-dibenzofuran-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEKBK). The PEKBK was a noval amorphous polymer with the glass transition temperature of 222°C and it showed excellent thermal stability [T. Tanabe and I. Fukawa, Jpn. Pat., Kokai 64–74223 (1989)]. Several amorphous dibenzofuran type polyetherketone copolymers were prepared by coplycondensation of III with 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone ( V ) or 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene ( VI ) [T. Tanabe and I. Fukawa, Jpn. Pat., Kokai 1153722 (1989)]. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optical properties of perturbed NO 2 − ions in KNO2 doped NaNO2 single crystals

Summary On the basis of high-resolution and time-resolved fluorescence spectra, a model is proposed for the interpretation of the fluorescence lines originating from various perturbed NO ₂ ^– centers situated in the neighbourhood of the K⁺ ion of the NaNO₂:KNO₂ crystal. Since their excited state energies are lower than that of the host, these perturbed NO ₂ ^– ions act as traps for the host singlet exciton. On the assumption that the perturbation giving rise to those traps results from an interaction of the impurity ion K⁺ with its nearest neighbours, the observed position of the energy levels of the various traps can be reconciled with crystal field calculations.     

Complexation behaviour of benzilmono(Iepidyl)hydrazone (BLH) toward bivalent metal ions: A potentiometric study

Potentiometric investigations on metal complexes of various bivalent metal ions, viz. UO₂(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with benzilmonol(lepidy!)hydrazone (BLH) have been carried out at different ionic strengths and at different temperatures in order to determine stability constants of the complexes. Thermodynamic parameters ΔC, ΔH and ΔS have also been evaluated from temperature coefficient data. The effect of varying the dielectric constant of the medium on the stability constants of complexes has also been investigated at 30±0.5°C and μ = 0.1MNaCl. Thermodynamic stability constants and thermodynamic stabilization energies for the first transition metals have also been discussed.